Study design.

BM, brain metastases.</p

PPPM healthcare costs by item in patients with and without brain metastases.

All costs were converted into US dollars from the Korean won using the exchange rate of 2019. The statistical significance of the difference between the costs of patients with and without BM was assessed using the t-test. The asterisk (*) indicates p<0.05; PPPM, per patient per month; BM, brain metastases.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without brain metastases.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without brain metastases.</p

Generalized linear model results indicating the impact of each covariate on PPPM healthcare cost.

Generalized linear model results indicating the impact of each covariate on PPPM healthcare cost.</p

Two-year and PPPM healthcare costs and resource utilization in matched patients with and without brain metastases.

Two-year and PPPM healthcare costs and resource utilization in matched patients with and without brain metastases.</p

Flowchart of the study patients.

NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; BM, brain metastases; PS, propensity score.</p

Magnetically Actuated Trigger Transient Soft Actuators Comprising On-Demand Photo-Initiated and Thermo-Degradable Polypropylene Carbonate–Photo-Acid Generator

Lifetime-reconfigurable soft robots have emerged as a new class of robots, emphasizing the unmet needs of futuristic sustainability and security. Trigger-transient materials that can both actuate and degrade on-demand are crucial for achieving life-reconfigurable soft robots. Here, we propose the use of transient and magnetically actuating materials that can decompose under ultraviolet light and heat, achieved by adding photo-acid generator (PAG) and magnetic particles (Sr-ferrite) to poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). Chemical and thermal analyses reveal that the mechanism of PPC–PAG decomposition occurs through PPC backbone cleavage by the photo-induced acid. The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) encapsulation of Sr-ferrite preventing the interaction with the PAG allowed the transience of magnetic soft actuators. We demonstrate remotely controllable and degradable magnetic soft kirigami actuators using blocks with various magnetized directions. This study proposes novel approaches for fabricating lifetime-configurable magnetic soft actuators applicable to diverse environments and applications, such as enclosed/sealed spaces and security/military devices

Magnetically Actuated Trigger Transient Soft Actuators Comprising On-Demand Photo-Initiated and Thermo-Degradable Polypropylene Carbonate–Photo-Acid Generator

Lifetime-reconfigurable soft robots have emerged as a new class of robots, emphasizing the unmet needs of futuristic sustainability and security. Trigger-transient materials that can both actuate and degrade on-demand are crucial for achieving life-reconfigurable soft robots. Here, we propose the use of transient and magnetically actuating materials that can decompose under ultraviolet light and heat, achieved by adding photo-acid generator (PAG) and magnetic particles (Sr-ferrite) to poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). Chemical and thermal analyses reveal that the mechanism of PPC–PAG decomposition occurs through PPC backbone cleavage by the photo-induced acid. The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) encapsulation of Sr-ferrite preventing the interaction with the PAG allowed the transience of magnetic soft actuators. We demonstrate remotely controllable and degradable magnetic soft kirigami actuators using blocks with various magnetized directions. This study proposes novel approaches for fabricating lifetime-configurable magnetic soft actuators applicable to diverse environments and applications, such as enclosed/sealed spaces and security/military devices

Magnetically Actuated Trigger Transient Soft Actuators Comprising On-Demand Photo-Initiated and Thermo-Degradable Polypropylene Carbonate–Photo-Acid Generator

Lifetime-reconfigurable soft robots have emerged as a new class of robots, emphasizing the unmet needs of futuristic sustainability and security. Trigger-transient materials that can both actuate and degrade on-demand are crucial for achieving life-reconfigurable soft robots. Here, we propose the use of transient and magnetically actuating materials that can decompose under ultraviolet light and heat, achieved by adding photo-acid generator (PAG) and magnetic particles (Sr-ferrite) to poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). Chemical and thermal analyses reveal that the mechanism of PPC–PAG decomposition occurs through PPC backbone cleavage by the photo-induced acid. The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) encapsulation of Sr-ferrite preventing the interaction with the PAG allowed the transience of magnetic soft actuators. We demonstrate remotely controllable and degradable magnetic soft kirigami actuators using blocks with various magnetized directions. This study proposes novel approaches for fabricating lifetime-configurable magnetic soft actuators applicable to diverse environments and applications, such as enclosed/sealed spaces and security/military devices

Magnetically Actuated Trigger Transient Soft Actuators Comprising On-Demand Photo-Initiated and Thermo-Degradable Polypropylene Carbonate–Photo-Acid Generator

Lifetime-reconfigurable soft robots have emerged as a new class of robots, emphasizing the unmet needs of futuristic sustainability and security. Trigger-transient materials that can both actuate and degrade on-demand are crucial for achieving life-reconfigurable soft robots. Here, we propose the use of transient and magnetically actuating materials that can decompose under ultraviolet light and heat, achieved by adding photo-acid generator (PAG) and magnetic particles (Sr-ferrite) to poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). Chemical and thermal analyses reveal that the mechanism of PPC–PAG decomposition occurs through PPC backbone cleavage by the photo-induced acid. The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) encapsulation of Sr-ferrite preventing the interaction with the PAG allowed the transience of magnetic soft actuators. We demonstrate remotely controllable and degradable magnetic soft kirigami actuators using blocks with various magnetized directions. This study proposes novel approaches for fabricating lifetime-configurable magnetic soft actuators applicable to diverse environments and applications, such as enclosed/sealed spaces and security/military devices