Decomposition of Incident and Reflected Regular Wave Using One Moving Wave Gage

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

The effect of phenylephrine on the onset time of rocuronium

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that ephedrine shortens the onset time of muscle relaxants, and it does so probably by increasing the cardiac output. However, elevation of the systemic blood pressure through α adrenergic stimulation via ephedrine may affect the onset of muscle relaxants during the induction of anesthesia. We investigated the effect of phenylephrine, which is a selective α-1 agonist, on the onset time of rocuronium and the intubating conditions in adults after the administration of propofol. METHODS: Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Phenylephrine (0.9 µg/kg) (P group) or the same volume of saline (S group) was injected before rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) administration. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 µg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg. The onset time was defined as the time from the end of rocuronium injection to the time when a single twitch height gets to 0% or the minimum level. A well-trained anesthesiologist who was 'blinded' to the treatment groups evaluated the intubating conditions. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction, before intubation, immediately after intubation and 1 minute and 2 minutes after intubation. RESULTS: The onset time was 84 ± 18 sec in the P-group and 72 ± 14 sec in the S-group. There was no difference of the intubating conditions, the mean arterial pressure and the heart rate between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of phenylephrine, which has a limited effect on blood pressure, delayed the onset time of rocuronium after the administration of propofol, and the vasoconstriction effect of phenylephrine may affect the prolongation of the rocuronium onset time at the induction of anesthesia with using propofol.ope

Analysis of Problems in Cut Slope Survey and Design Based on Case Studies

In construction of roads or large residential complexes, the formation of large scale cut slopes is inevitable due to the large proportion of mountains in Korea. The problems involving the slope stability has emerged as a major concern. Inaccurate subsurface exploration can result in slope failure during or after the construction, thereby increasing the construction cost and delaying the construction duration. This study reviews problems involving the cut slope survey methods, design criteria, and examining the collapse mechanisms through various case studies. This study suggests the optimum survey methods and design criteria based on the possible failure mechanisms

Integrated In-vehicle Monitoring System Using 3D Human Pose Estimation and Seat Belt Segmentation

Recently, along with interest in autonomous vehicles, the importance of monitoring systems for both drivers and passengers inside vehicles has been increasing. This paper proposes a novel in-vehicle monitoring system the combines 3D pose estimation, seat-belt segmentation, and seat-belt status classification networks. Our system outputs various information necessary for monitoring by accurately considering the data characteristics of the in-vehicle environment. Specifically, the proposed 3D pose estimation directly estimates the absolute coordinates of keypoints for a driver and passengers, and the proposed seat-belt segmentation is implemented by applying a structure based on the feature pyramid. In addition, we propose a classification task to distinguish between normal and abnormal states of wearing a seat belt using results that combine 3D pose estimation with seat-belt segmentation. These tasks can be learned simultaneously and operate in real-time. Our method was evaluated on a private dataset we newly created and annotated. The experimental results show that our method has significantly high performance that can be applied directly to real in-vehicle monitoring systems.Comment: AAAI 2022 workshop AI for Transportation accepte

Impact of commercial cigarette smoke condensate on brain tissue co-cultured with astrocytes and blood-brain barrier endothelial cells

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of two commercial cigarette smoke condensates (CCSC) on oxidative stress and cell cytotoxicity in human brain (T98G) or astrocytes (U-373 MG) in the presence of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Cell viability of mono-culture of T98G or U-373 MG was markedly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, and T98G was more susceptible than U-373 MG to CCSC exposure. Cytotoxicity was less prominent when T98G was co-cultured with HBMEC than when T98G was co-cultured with U-373 MG. Significant reduction in trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER), a biomarker of cellular integrity was noted in HBMEC co-cultured with T98G (HBMEC-T98G co-culture) and U-373 MG co-cultured with T98G (U-373 MG-T98G co-culture) after 24 or 48 hr CCSC exposure, respectively. TEER value of U-373 MG co-cultured with T98G (79-84%) was higher than HBMEC co-cultured with T98G (62-63%) within 120-hr incubation with CCSC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by CCSC in mono-culture of T98G and U-373 MG reached highest levels at 4 and 16 mg/ml, respectively. ROS production by T98G fell when co-cultured with HBMEC or U-373MG. These findings suggest that adverse consequences of CCSC treatment on brain cells may be protected by blood-brain barrier or astrocytes, but with chronic exposure toxicity may be worsened due to destruction of cellular integrity.

Inhibitory Effect of Veterinary Antibiotics on Denitrification in Groundwater: A Microcosm Approach

Veterinary antibiotics in groundwater may affect natural microbial denitrification process. A microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the influence of sulfamethazine and chlortetracycline at different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L) on nitrate reduction in groundwater under denitrifying condition. Decrease in nitrate removal and nitrite production was observed with the antibiotics. Maximum inhibition of nitrate removal was observed after seven days of incubation with 0.01 mg/L sulfamethazine (17.0%) and 1.0 mg/L chlortetracycline (15.4%). The nitrite production was inhibited with 1.0 mg/L sulfamethazine to 82.0% and chlortetracycline to 31.1%. The initial/final nitrate concentrations indicated that 0.01 mg/L sulfamethazine and 1.0 mg/L chlortetracycline were most effective in inhibiting activity of denitrifying bacteria in groundwater. After 12 days of incubation, the sulfamethazine biodegradation was observed whereas chlortetracycline was persistent. Sulfamethazine and chlortetracycline in groundwater could inhibit the growth and capability of naturally occurring denitrifying bacteria, thereby threatening nitrate pollution in groundwater

Clinical characteristics of acute kidney injury in patients with glyphosate surfactant herbicide poisoning

Background In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GSH) poisoning. Methods This study was performed between 2008 and 2021 and included 184 patients categorized into the AKI (n = 82) and non-AKI (n = 102) groups. The incidence, clinical characteristics, and severity of AKI were compared between the groups based on the Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure or Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) classification. Results The incidence of AKI was 44.5%, of which 25.0%, 6.5%, and 13.0% of patients were classified into the Risk, Injury, and Failure categories, respectively. Patients in the AKI group were older (63.3 ± 16.2 years vs. 57.4 ± 17.5 years, p = 0.02) than those in the non-AKI group. The length of hospitalization was longer (10.7 ± 12.1 days vs. 6.5 ± 8.1 days, p = 0.004) and hypotensive episodes occurred more frequently in the AKI group (45.1% vs. 8.8%, p < 0.001). Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities on admission were more frequently observed in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group (80.5% vs. 47.1%, p < 0.001). Patients in the AKI group had poorer renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate at the time of admission, 62.2 ± 22.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 88.9 ± 26.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001) on admission. The mortality rate was higher in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group (18.3% vs. 1.0%, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hypotension and ECG abnormalities upon admission were significant predictors of AKI in patients with GSH poisoning. Conclusion The presence of hypotension on admission may be a useful predictor of AKI in patients with GSH intoxication