South Carolina's Agriculture and Forestry Industry's Evolution and the State's Commitment to its Assistance

Agribusiness,

A low cost ""Air Mass 2'' solar simulator

Tungsten halogen projection lamps have integral ellipsoidal reflector, and hexagonal shaped plastic Fresnel lenses. Reflector is dichroic coated to reduce infrared content of reflected radiation. Array of lamps and lenses produces uniform collimated beam having near AM2 spectrum and intensity that can be used for testing flat plate solar collectors

Procedures and requirements for testing in the Langley Research Center unitary plan wind tunnel

Information is presented to assist those interested in conducting wind-tunnel testing within the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. Procedures, requirements, forms and examples necessary for tunnel entry are included

Estimating Implied Volatility Directly from "Nearest-to-the-Money" Commodity Option Premiums

Risk and Uncertainty,

The effect of different solar simulators on the measurement of short-circuit current temperature coefficients

Gallium arsenide solar cells are considered for several high temperature missions in space. Both near-Sun and concentrator missions could involve cell temperatures on the order of 200 C. Performance measurements of cells at elevated temperatures are usually made using simulated sunlight and a matched reference cell. Due to the change in bandgap with increasing temperature at portions of the spectrum where considerable simulated irradiance is present, there are significant differences in measured short circuit current at elevated temperatures among different simulators. To illustrate this, both experimental and theoretical data are presented for gallium arsenide cells

A study of consumption decisions and wealth, individual data, political economy and theory

Abstract. Recent studies have used regression decomposition to analyze recent data and found that over seventy percent of the black-white wealth differences remained unexplained (See, e.g., Gittleman & Wolff 2000; Altonji, Doraszelski & Segal 2000; and Blau & Graham 1990). Their results are limited to the variation in modern data. This study contributes improved methodology and historical empirical results to the literature on economic discrimination. In this paper, (i) presents structural regression decompositions, which are modifications to methods developed by Becker (1957) and Oaxaca (1973); (ii) presents a basic empirical test when analyzing structural regression decompositions; (iii) reports the estimated sources of black-white differences in wealth directly before and after emancipation; (iv) links these findings to recent studies. Empirical estimates confirm that the size and persistence of modern black-white wealth differences have historical roots. (v) presents decision-making considerations of “individuals” in an economy with grouped individuals, owners of firms, and social planner(s), conditional on wealth constraints with applied social economic considerations.Keywords. Theory of economic discrimination, Structural regression decomposition, Wealth inequality.JEL. J70, D90, E20, C20, H50, N30

California\u27s Characterization of Credit Acquisitions during the Post-Separation Period

In California, the community property is liable for debts incurred during separation. However, proceeds from these debts may be characterized as separate property of the acquiring spouse. Thus, the community, even though suffering the risks of liability, is disallowed the benefits of such risks. This Comment argues that the current lender\u27s intent analysis applied upon credit acquisition should be discontinued in favor of the exposure analysis. Further, the Comment argues that community property debt liability during separation arises only if the debt is related to the community which occurs a) if the liability benefits the community; or b) if the loan was obtained in exchange for community property

Adequacy of Instructions to the Jury: II

The six states in this group present some very special cases. They range from an original colony to Florida and Texas, which were admitted to statehood in 1845. National rank in population varies from sixth (Texas) to twenty-sixth (Mississippi) with the average almost within the top one-third. As to increase of population, the mean is close to the national figure of fifteen percent. That statement needs qualification, however, since Florida increased 46 percent and Texas 20 percent, whereas Mississippi had an actual loss of two percent. No docket delay of more than six months is found anywhere except in Texas, but some real congestion is evident there. None of these states could be called code in the sense of having followed the wave of imitation of the Field Code of New York-each having worked out its own system of regulation of procedure. At present, no judicial (supervisory) rule-making is known to exist in Louisiana or Mississippi, and the power is very limited in Alabama. Although the legislature still holds the leash in the other states, there has been judicial rule-making as to instructions in Georgia, Texas and Florida. Instructions are given at the approved time (after argument) except in Mississippi and Texas, and written instructions are required only in those two states. In Alabama, to the contrary, it is mandatory that the general charge be oral. In Florida and Louisiana the charge may be oral unless the parties request that it be in writing; in Georgia the instructions are considered written if they are stenographically reported. In none of these states is the court permitted to summarize or comment on the evidence. In this latter connection the heavy hand of the constitutions and legislation of the Reconstruction period is most apparent