23 research outputs found
<i>emb</i>B mutations and Bactec MGIT MIC values for study isolates.
<p><i>emb</i>B mutations and Bactec MGIT MIC values for study isolates.</p
WHO epidemiological region-of-birth of foreign-born culture-positive tuberculosis cases in Canada by drug susceptibility pattern of incident case isolate (1997–2008).
<p>Abbreviations: No., number; vs, versus; CEUR Central European Region; EME Established Market Economies; AFR-high Africa; High HIV; AFR-low Africa Low HIV; AMR Latin America Region; EEUR Eastern European Region; EMR Eastern Mediterranean Region; SEAR Southeast Asian Region; WPR Western Pacific Region.</p>*<p>Percentages in ‘Total’ column use total number assessed as denominator. Percentages in other columns use row total as denominator.</p>†<p>Refers to resistance to one or more first-line drugs but not meeting the definition of MDR.</p>‡<p>Confidence Intervals calculated using Fisher’s exact methods; ORs reaching statistical significance, based on non-overlapping 95% CIs are highlighted in italics.</p
Outcome of treatment of culture-positive tuberculosis cases in Canada by drug susceptibility pattern of incident case isolate (1997–2008).
<p>Abbreviations: No., number; vs, versus MDR multidrug-resistant; Tx Treatment.</p>*<p>Outcome definitions: Cure/Tx Complete refers to successful completion of TB therapy, as deemed by their treating physician; Transferred Out refers to patients whose care was initiated in Canada but subsequently continued in another country; Death refers to all-cause mortality during TB treatment; Failure refers to clinical or microbiologic evidence of ongoing disease despite completion of TB treatment; Absconded refers to patients lost to follow-up; Tx ongoing refers to patients remaining on therapy at the time of publication, having had a minimum of 3 years follow-up.</p>†<p>Refers to resistance to one or more first-line drugs but not meeting the definition of MDR.</p>‡<p>Confidence Intervals calculated using Fisher’s exact methods; ORs reaching statistical significance, based on non-overlapping 95% CIs are highlighted in italics.</p
Demographic features and disease characteristics of culture-positive tuberculosis cases in Canada by drug susceptibility pattern of incident case isolate (1997–2008).
<p>Abbreviations: No., number; vs, versus; MDR multidrug-resistant; OR odds ratio; CBA Canadian-born Aboriginal; CBO Canadian-born ‘other’; FB foreign-born; HIV human immunodeficiency virus.</p>*<p>Refers to resistance to one or more first-line drugs but not meeting the definition of MDR.</p>†<p>Confidence Intervals calculated using Fisher’s exact methods; ORs reaching statistical significance, based on non-overlapping 95% CIs are highlighted in italics.</p>‡<p>As defined by the Canadian Tuberculosis Standards (1).</p>§<p>includes primary, respiratory, and ‘other respiratory’.</p>II<p>includes peripheral lymph nodes, miliary, CNS and other non-respiratory.</p
Time from arrival in Canada to diagnosis of foreign-born culture-positive tuberculosis cases by drug susceptiblility pattern of incident case isolate (1997–2008).
<p>Time from arrival to diagnosis was calculated by subtracting year of arrival from year of diagnosis. Year of arrival was known for 6928 of the 10589 foreign born cases. Cases with time since arrival between 0–55 years displayed. Bar graph represents the absolute number of cases diagnosed, and line graph represents the cumulative proportion of foreign-born TB cases diagnosed since their time of arrival in Canada.</p
XDR tuberculosis in Canada (1997–2008): demographic features and case characteristics.
<p>Abbreviations: Yrs, years; XDR extensively drug-resistant; AB Alberta; MB Manitoba; ON Ontario; F female; M male;</p><p>CBO Canadian-born ‘other’; CBA Canadian-born Aboriginal; FB Foreign-born; Dx Diagnosis.</p>*<p>infection acquired abroad (Spain); her first episode has been reported previously (10).</p>†<p>infection acquired locally.</p
Proportion of culture-positive tuberculosis cases with MDR or non-MDR resistance in Canada (1997–2008).
<p>Abbreviations: FB, foreign-born; CB, Canadian-born.</p
Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor <b>(</b>KIR<b>)</b> Centromeric-AA Haplotype Is Associated with Ethnicity and Tuberculosis Disease in a Canadian First Nations Cohort
<div><p>Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) on natural killer (NK) cells interact with other immune cells to monitor the immune system and combat infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). The balance of activating and inhibiting KIR interactions helps determine the NK cell response. In order to examine the enrichment or depletion of KIRs as well as to explore the association between TB status and inhibitory/stimulatory KIR haplotypes, we performed KIR genotyping on samples from 93 Canadian First Nations (Dene, Cree, and Ojibwa) individuals from Manitoba with active, latent, or no TB infection, and 75 uninfected Caucasian controls. There were significant differences in KIR genes between Caucasians and First Nations samples and also between the First Nations ethnocultural groups (Dene, Cree, and Ojibwa). When analyzing ethnicity and tuberculosis status in the study population, it appears that the KIR profile and centromeric haplotype are more predictive than the presence or absence of individual genes. Specifically, the decreased presence of haplotype B centromeric genes and increased presence of centromeric-AA haplotypes in First Nations may contribute to an inhibitory immune profile, explaining the high rates of TB in this population.</p></div
Schematic of KIR gene haplotypes A and B.
<p>white – framework genes, grey – activating KIR, black – inhibitory KIR; note that KIR2DP1 and KIR3DP1 are pseudogenes, and that KIR2DL2/2DL3 as well as KIR3DL1/3DS1 represent the same locus.</p