Representation of women in Australian parliaments 2014

This updated paper draws on recent data and research to discuss trends and issues relating to women in Australian parliaments within an international context. It includes data on women in leadership and ministry positions, on committees and as candidates in Commonwealth elections. Executive summary Across Australia women continue to be significantly under-represented in parliament and executive government, comprising less than one-third of all parliamentarians and one-fifth of all ministers. Internationally, Australia’s ranking for women in national government continues to decline when compared with other countries. The representation of women in Australia’s parliaments hovers around the ‘critical mass’ of 30 per cent regarded by the United Nations as the minimum level necessary for women to influence decision-making in parliament. There is no consensus amongst researchers in the field as to why women continue to be under-represented in Australia’s system of parliamentary democracy, although a number of factors contribute to the gender imbalance. This paper includes discussion of some of the structural, social and cultural factors influencing women’s representation including the type of electoral system, the culture of political parties, and the nature of politics and the parliamentary environment in Australia. This updated paper draws on recent data and research to discuss trends and issues relating to women in Australian parliaments within an international context. It includes data on women in leadership and ministry positions, on committees and as candidates in Commonwealth elections. Whilst the focus is on the Commonwealth Parliament, the paper includes comparative information about women in state and territory parliaments.  The issue of gender diversity is also discussed within the broader context of women in leadership and executive decision-making roles in Australia including local government, government boards and in the corporate sector

First impressions through the constructs of impression management

The research on this study examines how first impressions are formed in the hotel setting. The study also looks at the social intelligence process through the constructs of self-monitoring and impression management

The Mark of a Resold Good

Over the past ten years, the Internet has revolutionized the resale market ― casual resellers have migrated from garage sales, swap meets, and classified ads, to eBay and Craigslist, turning hobbies into lucrative businesses. This has affected the sales of new goods and troubled manufacturers, who seek to curtail the growth of this secondary market. Most of these on-line resales should be protected by the first-sale doctrine, a well-known defense to infringement claims that applies across patent, copyright, and trademark law. Simply stated, once a manufacturer sells a product, it may not interfere with secondary sales of that product. Yet in an effort to stifle independent resellers, manufacturers are increasingly relying on spurious claims of trademark infringement. Specifically, they claim the reseller is causing initial source or sponsorship confusion based on the distribution channel, even though there is no confusion as to the source of the genuine good. Small resellers are faced with either defending themselves in court or ceasing operations. We argue that courts are weakening of the first-sale doctrine’s function of limiting manufacturers’ power to control alternative distribution channels of genuine goods. We assert that, in the context of the Internet secondary market, whether the distributor is affiliated with the manufacturer is irrelevant, as long as the goods are genuine and the reseller disclaims any association with the mark owner. Courts should apply a presumption of no affiliation between the reseller and the manufacturer, and actual deception should be required for any Lanham Act claim. We also propose a legislative strengthening of the trademark first-sale doctrine as applied to on-line sales so that it more closely resembles the doctrine’s application in a brick-and-mortar setting

The semiquinone radical anion of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione: synthesis and rare earth coordination chemistry

Reduction of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (pd) with CoCpR2 resulted in the first molecular compounds of the pd˙− semi-quinone radical anion, [CoCpR2]+[pd]˙− (R = H, (1); R = Me4, (2)). Furthermore compounds 1 and 2 were reacted with [Y(hfac)3(thf)2] (hfac = 1,1,1-5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate) to synthesise the rare earth-transition metal heterometallic compounds, [CoCpR2]+[Y(hfac)3(N,N′-pd)]˙− (R = H, (3); R = Me4, (4))

The modular synthesis of rare earth-transition metal heterobimetallic complexes utilizing a redox-active ligand

We report a robust and modular synthetic route to heterometallic rare earth-transition metal complexes. We have used the redox-active bridging ligand 1,10-phenathroline-5,6-dione (pd), which has selective N,N′ or O,O′ binding sites as the template for this synthetic route. The coordination complexes [Ln(hfac)3(N,N’-pd)] (Ln = Y [1], Gd [2]; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) were synthesised in high yield. These complexes have been fully characterised using a range of spectroscopic techniques. Solid state molecular structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by X-ray crystallography and display different pd binding modes in coordinating and non-coordinating solvents. Complexes 1 and 2 are unusually highly coloured in coordinating solvents, for example the vis-NIR spectrum of 1 in acetonitrile displays an electronic transition centred at 587 nm with an extinction coefficient consistent with significant charge transfer. The reaction between 1 and 2 and VCp2 or VCpt2 (Cpt = tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) resulted in the isolation of the heterobimetallic complexes, [Ln(hfac)3(N,N′-O,O′-pd)VCp2] (Ln = Y [3], Gd [4]) or [Ln(hfac)3(N,N′-O,O′-pd)VCpt2] (Ln = Y [5], Gd [6]). The solid state molecular structures of 3, 5 and 6 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The spectroscopic data on 3–6 are consistent with oxidation of V(II) to V(IV) and reduction of pd to pd2− in the heterobimetallic complexes. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters from low temperature X-band EPR spectroscopy of 3 and 5 describe a 2A1 ground state, with a V(IV) centre. DFT calculations on 3 are in good agreement with experimental data and confirm the SOMO as the dx2−y2 orbital localised on vanadium

An Analysis of the Rhetoric of Agitation and Control in the Sierra Club Campaign to Protect the Grand Canyon

This study of the rhetoric in the Sierra Club's Grand Canyon Campaign, 1963 to 1967 seeks to determine the decisive strategies in the success of the campaign. Criteria for examining the rhetoric are adapted from the fields of rhetoric and sociology. This analysis examines preconditions of this conservation campaign, its leaders, membership, strategies, and audience-speaker relationships, The campaign's turning point came when the club used public audiences to pressure Control into capitulating to Agitation's demands, Other factors in the campaign's success were the Sierra Club's purity of belief, suppression action by Control, and incomplete purity of belief in the leader of Control

Donna Jean McKenzie and Joy Lynne Johnson in a Joint Senior Voice Recital

This is the program for the senior voice recital of soprano Donna Jean McKenzie and mezzo soprano Joy Lynne Johnson. Pianist Faron Wilson accompanied. The recital took place on November 30, 1981, in the Mabee Fine Arts Recital Hall

Electronic Monitoring of Feeding Female Amblyomma Americanum (L.) And the Quantification of Blood Imbibed Daily

Entomolog