Održivost različitih sistema đubrenja u proizvodnji kukuruza

According to Long term experiments on chernozem and pseudoglay with different fertilizing systems could be conclused: According to performed experiments certain systems of maize crop rotation significantly affected maize yield (8,51% to 19,41%), and also resulted in similar or higher yields with the application of lesser amounts of nitrogen (50%) of maize was grown in crop rotation with soybean. Soil organic matter content was significantly increased (10,76% to 27,7%) due to the application of organic fertilizers to chernozem. The effects of particular fertilizing systems with mineral and organic manure on maize yield increase (8,16% to 71,65%) were statistically significant. Furthermore, systems with organic fertilizer and lower amounts of nitrogen (46 kg ha-1) were especially economically justified. Stover ploughing positively affected yield increase in all fertilizing systems. Measures of soil amendment (CaO, "njival" liquid and stable manure) significantly influenced improvement of adverse agrochemical properties of pseudogley (pH, easy mobile Al, etc) and alongside with mineral nutrition significantly affected maize yield increase. The studies point out that the application of nitrogen fertilizers in the stationary trial resulted in significant increase of available nitrogen content and its accumulation over the whole depth of the soil profile of chernozem type of soil. This was especially expressed with the application of higher ratios of nitrogen fertilizers and the increases were statistically very significant. The long-term application of higher ratios of nitrogen fertilizer (270 kgN ha-1) leads to excessive accumulation of available nitrogen not only in surface but also in deeper layers of this soil, and therefore the risk from pollution by nitrates not only of plant products but of underground water increases and the outcome of it is economic loss. Based on the analyses of samples collected in four locations with similar soils under maize and the application of medium high ratios of nitrogen fertilizers (135 kgN ha-1) it is noticeable that available nitrogen content significantly varied over locations in relation to its distribution and its total content in the soil profile to the depth of up to 200 cm. Increased available nitrogen content in deeper layers and higher risk from underground.Na osnovu rezultata dugotrajnih stacionarnih ogleda obavljena su istraživanja održivosti pojedinih sistema đubrenja u proizvodnji kukuruza. Ogledi su izvođeni na zemunpoljskom černozemu i na kiselim zemljištima (pseudoglej i smeđe rudo kiselo zemljište), i na osnovu dobivenih rezultata mogu se izvući sledeći zaključci: - pri gajenju u monokulturi na černozemu dugotrajna primena različitih sistema đubrenja organskim (stajnjak i kukuruzovina) i mineralnim đubrivima vrlo značajno je uticala na promene sadržaja organske materije zemljišta pri čemu je povećanje sadržaja pod uticajem zaoravanja kukuruzovine i stajnjaka iznosilo 10,76% do 17,73%, pri čemu je došlo i do značajnog povećanja odnosa C/N. - mere popravke pseudogleja pozitivno su uticale na agrohemijske osobine zemljišta (povećanje pH vrednosti, povećanje zasićenosti bazama, kao i na značajno smanjenje sadržaja lakopristupačnog aluminijuma) - merama popravke pseudogleja statistički je vrlo značajno povećan prinos kukuruza na svim lokalitetima istraživanja, a efekat mineralnih đubriva na prinos kukuruza bio je veći u interakciji sa merama popravke. Veća količina mineralnih đubriva nije uticala na povećanje prinosa (Kraljevo), što se može objasniti lošim vodnofizičkim osobinama pseudogleja kao ograničavajućim faktorom. pojedini sistemi đubrenja mineralnim i organskim đubrivima vrlo značajno su uticali na povećanje prinosa (8,16% do 71,65%), pri čemu su posebno ekonomski opravdani sistemi sa organskim đubrivima i manjim količinama azota (46 kg ha-1). Zaoravanje kukuruzovine je vrlo povoljno uticalo na povećanje prinosa (6,89%) u odnosu na iste sisteme bez kukuruzovine. Efikasnost primenjenog stajnjaka je iznosilo nešto iznad 50% efikasnosti mineralnih đubriva, a pri zajedničkoj primeni sa kukuruzovinom, njegova efikasnost je vrlo značajno povećana, i tako se na černozemu prinos može održavati na visokom nivou i bez primene mineralnih đubriva. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su pojedini plodoredi na černozemu vrlo značajno uticali na povećanje prinosa kukuruza (8,51% do 19,42%), a pri tome je značajno povećana efikasnost primenjenih mineralnih đubriva, posebno ukoliko je kukuruz gajen u plodoredu sa sojom (dvopolje) i pšenicom i sojom (tropolje). Primena visokih doza azota u vidu mineralnih đubriva kao i akumulacija vode u mikrodepresijama na propusnim zemljištima, značajno su uticali na ispiranje i akumulaciju pristupačnog azota po celom zemljišnom profilu što može uticati na zagađivanje podzemnih voda

Prinos ZP hibrida kukuruza sejanih krajem juna u zavisnosti od gustina

The studies were carried out under irrigation conditions in the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, at Zemun Polje during 2002 and 2003. Yields of the total biomass, dry matter and dry grain per area unit were observed in the following early and medium early maturity hybrids: ZP 105, ZP 196, ZP 243, ZP 256, ZP 307 and ZP 360. Hybrids were sown in the last decade of June and yields were observed over the following sowing densities: 65,000, 75,000 and 85,000 plants ha-1. The highest total biomass yields of 28.08 and 34.11 t ha-1, then the highest DM yields of 12.39 and 13.84 t ha-1 and the highest dry grain yields of 6.66, and 7.41 t ha-1 were registered in hybrids ZP 307 and ZP 360, respectively. The higher sowing density was the higher yields of the total biomass (18.83, 20.82 22.69 t ha-1), DM (10.11, 10.95, 11.85 t ha-1) and dry grain (5.81, 6.21 6.69 t ha-1) were.Ispitivanja su obavljena na oglednom dobru Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje" u Zemun Polju 2002. i 2003. godine u uslovima navodnjavanja. Ispitivan je prinos ukupne biomase, suve materije i prinos zrna po jedinici površine kod ranih i srednje ranih hibrida kukuruza: ZP 105, ZP 196, ZP 243, ZP 256, ZP 307 i ZP 360 sejanih u poslednjoj dekadi juna, u zavisnosti od gustina setve (65.000, 75.000, 85.000 bilj/ha) Hibridi ZP 307 i ZP 360 ostvarili su najveću produkciju ukupne biomase (28,08, 34,11 t/ha), najviši prinos suve materije (12,39, 13,84 t/ha) i najviši prinos suvog zrna (6,66, 7,41 t/ha). Sa povećanjem gustine setve povećan je prinos ukupne biomase (18,83, 20,82 22,69 t/ha), suve materije (10,11, 10,95, 11,85 t/ha) i suvog zrna (5,81 6,21, 6,69 t/ha)

Uticaj gustine setve na prinos i broj klijavih zrna u semenskom kukuruzu

The trials were carried out in the regular production of the seed maize ZP 680 at the agricultural estate "Nova Budućnost" Žarkovac during 2001 and 2002. Sowing densities (71,400, 85,500, 99,900 plants ha"1) affected varying of yields (4.01, 4.38. 4.40 t ha"1). The 1000-seed weight decreased over increased densities (305.6, 2912, 282.5 g). Germination was even over densities (95.0, 94.9, 94.7 %). A greater number of germinated seeds per area unit (13,122,000, 15,022,000, 15,569,000) was obtained in greater densities. The percentile share of fractions in the weight was uniform over all sowing densities.Ogledi su izvedeni u PD "Nova Budućnost" Žarkovac 2001 i 2002. godine u prirodnim uslovima gajenja semenskog kukuruza ZP 680. Gustine setve (714.00, 85.500, 99.9.00 bilj/ha) su uticale na variranje prinosa (4.01, 4.38. 4.40 t/ha). Masa 1000 semena opadala je sa povećanjem gustine (305.6, 2912, 282.5 g). Klijavost je bila ujednačena po gustinama (95.0, 94.9, 94.7 %). U većim gustinama dobijen je veći broj klijavih semena po jedinici površine (13.122.000, 15.022.000, 15.569.000). U sve tri gustine procentualno učešće frakcija u masi bilo je ujednačeno

Najvažniji parametri kvaliteta pri izboru hibrida za silažu

The most important parameters of quality necessary in selection of hybrids for silage are presented in this study in the case of the widely grown the Maize Research Institute maize hybrids with the aim to better define their nutritive value. In order to define this value as thoroughly as possible it is necessary to conduct permanent tests of both, in vitro digestibility of dry matter by the method of Tilley and Terry and a structure of cell walls by detergent fibre method (NDF-Neutral Detergent Fibre, ADF- Acid Detergent Fibre and ADL - Acid Detergent Lignin). The most important parameters of quality are: DM yield of a whole plant, share of ears in DM yield, fibre content in acid and neutral detergent and in vitro digestibility. The comparison among hybrids is possible if exact values of the stated parameters are applied.U radu je ukazano na najvažnije parametre kvaliteta koji su neophodni kod izbora hibrida za silažu na primeru najraširenijih hibrida Instituta za kukuruz Zemun Polje svih grupa zrenja kukuruza u cilju boljeg definisanja njihovog nutritivne vrednosti kod izbora za siliranje. Da bi se izvršilo što potpunije definisanje nutritivne vrednosti hibrida neophodno je izvršiti permanentna ispitivanja in vitro svarljivosti suve materije metodom Tilley i Terry kao i strukture ćelijskih zidova primenom deterdžent metode za frakcije sirovih vlakana (NDF-neutralna deterdžentna vlakna, ADF- kisela deterdžentna vlakna, ADL kiseli deterdžent lignin). Najvažniji parametri kvaliteta su: prinos suve materije cele biljke, udeo klipova u suvoj materiji prinosa, sadržaj vlakna u kiselom i neutralnom deterdžentu i in vitro svarljivost. Korišćenjem egzaktnih vrednosti navedenih kriterijuma moguće je vršiti međusobno poređenje hibrida

Povećanje proizvodnih sposobnosti kiselih zemljišta pri različitim sistemima đubrenja

Many literature data confirm that fertilizing eliminates, to the largest extent, great differences in natural productivity of various soils. Acid soils are considered one of main yield limiting factors in the plant production and are often studied. Results obtained in stationary trials with the application of different fertilization systems and acid soil improvement measures are used in the present study. According to gained results and conclusions based on them, certain fertilizations systems applied in maize cultivation on acid soils are quite sustainable, especially from the aspect of improvement of such soils and efficiency of applied fertilizers. Pseudogley improvement measures positively affected agrochemical soil properties and resulted in statistically very significant increase of maize yield in all observed locations. The effect of mineral fertilizers on maize yield was greater when they were applied together with improvement measures. At the same time, higher rates of mineral fertilizers did not increase yields in certain locations, due to poor moisture and physical properties of soils that eliminated efficiency of greater fertilizations rates.Veći broj podataka iz literature potvrđuje da se đubrenjem u najvećoj meri eliminišu velike razlike u prirodnim i proizvodnim sposobnostima različitih zemljišta. U biljnoj proizvodnji se vrlo često ističe da je problem kiselîh zemljišta jedan od osnovnih uzroka limitiranih prinosa, vrlo je čest predmet istraživanja. U ovom radu smo koristili rezuitate dobijene izvodenjem stacionarnih ogleda sa primenom različitih sistema đubrenja i mera popravke kiselih zemljišta. Dobijeni rezultati i zaključci koji su na osnovu toga izvedeni, jasno govore o održivosti pojedinih sistema đubrenja pri gajenju kukuruza na kiselim zemljištima, a posebno u pogledu popravke ovoh zemljišta i efikasnosti primenjenih đubriva. Mere popravke pseudogleja pozitivno su uticale na agrohemijske osobine zemljišta i na statistički vrlo značajno povećanje prinosa kukuruza, na svim lokalitetima na kojima su objavljena istraživanja. Efekat mineralnih đubriva na prinos kukuruza bio je veći u interakciji sa merama popravke, pri čemu veća količina mineralnih đubriva na pojedinim lokalitetima nije uticala na povećanje prinosa usled loših vodnofizičkih osobina zemljišta, koje eliminišu efikasnost većih doza đubriva

Novija saznanja o nutritivnoj vrednosti kukuruzne silaže i njen značaj u ishrani tovne junadi

The study presents the latest scientific accomplishments in selection of silage hybrids with a special regard to digestibility as a quality parameter of the maize plant. The most important quality parameters, necessary in silage maize hybrid selection with the aim of completely defining their nutritive values, are presented in the case of the most demanded MRI hybrids of all maturity groups and encompass the following: the whole plant DM yield, the share of ears in DM yield, NDF, ADF and ADL content, and especially in vitro DM digestibility according to the Tilley and Terry method. Hybrids can be compared by the use of the exact values for the stated criteria and at the same time it is possible to make actual recommendations for certain production. The importance of the whole maize plant silage is manifested in beef cattle feeding, as the use of 3-12 kg silage day-1 with the appropriate feed concentrate significantly contributes to the more economic production of beef for which the demand in our country is realistic.U radu su prikazana najnovija naučna dostignuća u pogledu izbora hibrida za silažu sa posebnim osvrtom na kriterijum svarljivosti kao parametar kvaliteta kukuruzne biljke. Najvažniji parametri kvaliteta koji su neophodni pri izboru hibrida kukuruza za silažu radi potpunijeg definisanja njihove nutritivne vrednosti predstavljeni su na primeru najrasprostranjenijih hibrida Instituta za kukuruz „Zemun Polje” svih grupa zrenja i u njih se ubrajaju: prinos suve materije cele biljke, udeo klipova u suvoj materiji prinosa, sadržaj vlakna u kiselom i neutralnom deterdžentu (NDF - neutralna deterdžentna vlakna, ADF - kisela deterdžentna vlakna, ADL - kiseli deterdžent lignin), a kao posebno značajnim smatra se in vitro svarljivost suve materije po metodi Tilleyja i Terryja. Korišćenjem egzaktnih vrednosti za navedene parametre moguć e je da se obavi međusobno poređenje hibrida i daju konkretne preporuke za određenu proizvodnju. Značaj korišćenja silaže biljke kukuruza posebno se ogleda u obrocima za tovnu junad, u kojima se korišćenjem ovog hraniva u količini od 3 do 12 kg/dan, uz odgovarajuće smeše koncentrata značajno doprinosi ekonomičnosti proizvodnje junećeg mesa za koju u našoj zemlji postoje realne pretpostavke

ZP hibridi kukuruza u proizvodnim ogledima 2003. godine

An appropriate choice of the ZP hybrids is a result of studies on yielding carried out under different agroecological conditions. Results on yields of nine ZP hybrids (FAO 300-700) obtained in production trials in 24 locations carried out in 2003 are presented. The highest yields were detected in the following hybrids: ZP 434, ZP 684, ZP 360 and ZP 578. Furthermore, hybrids ZP 684 and ZP 434 overyielded all hybrids under agroecological conditions of Bačka. In Banat, hybrids ZP 434 and ZP 578 were highly ranked, while the highest yields in Srem were detected in the hybrids ZP 434 and ZP 360, Similar results were obtained in the regions of Central Serbia where hybrids ZP 434 and ZP 684 overyielded all other hybrids. Stated results point out to high yielding and adaptability of hybrids of a new generation (ZP 434, ZP 578 and ZP 684). At the same time, high yields of already widely grown hybrids (ZP 677 and ZP 704) were confirmed.Pravilnom izboru ZP hibrida prethode ispitivanja rodnosti u različitim agroekološkim uslovima. Na osnovu proizvodnih ogleda sa 24 lokaliteta izvedenih u 2003. godini prikazani su rezultati prinosa ZP hibrida (FAO 300-700). Po svojoj rodnosti posebno su se istakli hibridi ZP 434, ZP 684, ZP 360 i ZP 578. Posmatrano po različitim agroekološkim celinama na području Bačke najrodniji su bili ZP 684 i ZP 434. U Banatu su visoko rangirani ZP 434 i ZP 578, a u Sremu su najrodniji ZP 434 i ZP 360. Siični rezultati su dobijeni i u području Centraine Srbije gde su najprinosniji ZP434 i ZP684. Navedeni rezultati ukazuju na visoku rodnost i adaptîbilnost hibrida nove generacije (ZP 434, ZP 578 i ZP 684), a istovremeno se potvrđuje i visoka rodnost već provernih ZP hibrida (ZP 677 i ZP 704)

Measurement of the production cross section of prompt j/psi mesons in association with a W (+/-) boson in pp collisions root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The process pp - GT W (+/-) J/psi provides a powerful probe of the production mechanism of charmonium in hadronic collisions, and is also sensitive to multiple parton interactions in the colliding protons. Using the 2011 ATLAS dataset of 4.5 fb(-1) of root s= 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC, the first observation is made of the production of W (+/-) + prompt J/psi events in hadronic collisions, using W (+/-) - GT mu nu(mu) and J/psi - GT mu(+)mu(-) center dot A yield of W (+/-) + prompt J/psi events is observed, with a statistical significance of 5.1 sigma. The production rate as a ratio to the inclusive W (+/-) boson production rate is measured, and the double parton scattering contribution to the cross section is estimated

Centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in root(NN)-N-S=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in root(NN)-N-S = 5.02 TeV proton-lead (p + Pb) collisions and the jet cross-section in root s = 2.76 TeV proton-proton collisions are presented. These quantities are measured in datasets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.8 nb(-1) and 4.0 pb(-1), respectively, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2013. The p + Pb collision centrality was characterised using the total transverse energy measured in the pseudorapidity interval -4.9 LT eta LT -3.2 in the direction of the lead beam. Results are presented for the double-differential per-collision yields as a function of jet rapidity and transverse momentum (p(T)) for minimum-bias and centrality-selected p + Pb collisions, and are compared to the jet rate from the geometric expectation. The total jet yield in minimum-bias events is slightly enhanced above the expectation in a p(T)-dependent manner but is consistent with the expectation within uncertainties. The ratios of jet spectra from different centrality selections show a strong modification of jet production at all p(T) at forward rapidities and for large pT at mid-rapidity, which manifests as a suppression of the jet yield in central events and an enhancement in peripheral events. These effects imply that the factorisation between hard and soft processes is violated at an unexpected level in proton-nucleus collisions. Furthermore, the modifications at forward rapidities are found to be a function of the total jet energy only, implying that the violations may have a simple dependence on the hard parton-parton kinematics. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V

Search for W - GT tb - GT qqbb decays in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a massive W gauge boson decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark is performed with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at the LHC. The datasetwas taken at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8 TeV and corresponds to 20.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. This analysis is done in the hadronic decay mode of the top quark, where novel jet substructure techniques are used to identify jets from high-momentum top quarks. This allows for a search for high-mass W bosons in the range 1.5-3.0 TeV. b-tagging is used to identify jets originating from b-quarks. The data are consistent with Standard Model background-only expectations, and upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the W - GT tb cross section times branching ratio ranging from 0.16 pb to 0.33 pb for left-handed W bosons, and ranging from 0.10 pb to 0.21 pb for W bosons with purely righthanded couplings. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the W-boson coupling to tb as a function of the W mass using an effective field theory approach, which is independent of details of particular models predicting a W boson