Uticaj smanjenja količine primene bentazona na efikasnost u suzbijanju korova u usevu krompira

Based on the recommendations to reduce the application rate of bentazone to ≤ 1000 g a.i/ha/year (due to the risk of its leaking into groundwater, especially in the conditions of high precipitation), we investigated the efficacy of this herbicide in the weed control in potato crops during 2013. The experiments were conducted in accordance with standard EPPO method, under field conditions on the localities of Altina and Padinska Skela. Commercial formulation Basagran (480 g of bentazone/l) was applied as post-em treatment in two application rates: 2 l/ha and 3 l/ha. Standard treatment with metribuzine was also applied - commercial formulation Velton WP (700 g of metribuzine/kg) both as pre-em and post-em, with the application rates of 0.75 kg/ha - 1.5 kg/ha and 0.5 kg/ha - 0.75 kg/ha, respectively. Reducing the application rate resulted in the decrease of efficacy in the case of the high abundance of weed population (Amaranthus retroflexus) or in the case of herbicide application to weeds in older growth stages (Chenopodium album). Suppressive effect on perennial weed species was also reduced.Tokom 2013. godine, shodno preporukama za ograničenje primene bentazona na maksimalno 1000g/ha u vegetaciji (zbog opasnosti od dospevanja u podzemne vode u uslovima veće precipitacije), ispitana je efikasnost herbicida na bazi bentazona u suzbijanju korova u usevu krompira. Ogledi su izvedeni u skladu sa standardnom EPPO metodom, u poljskim uslovima (lokaliteti Altina i Padinska Skela). Preparat Basagran (480 g /l bentazona) primenjen je post-em u količinama 2 i 3 l/ha preparata. Kao standard, preparat Velton WP (700 g/kg metribuzina) primenjen je pre-em u količinama 0,75 i 1,5 kg/ha i post-em 0,5 i 0,75 kg/ha. Smanjenje količine primene rezultiralo je smanjenjem efikasnosti kada su pojedini korovi (Amaranthus retroflexus) prisutni u visokoj brojnosti, ili su korovi (Chenopodium album) bili u starijim fazama razvoja u vreme primene herbicida. Supresivno delovanje na višegodišnje korovske vrste je takođe umanjeno

Selektivnost imazamoksa za usev lucerke

The selectivity of imazamox (commercial formulations Sinamon and Pulsar-40) for alfalfa was tested during the vegetation season of 2016. The trials were conducted at two locations, Boljevci and Kovilovo, using a completely randomized block design, with four replications. Commercial formulations were used at the maximum recommended doses and twice the recommended doses. Visual assessments of potential phytotoxicity were performed twice, in two weeks intervals following the herbicide application. In the first assessment, phytotoxicity symptoms (mild chlorosis of plants) were observed only at the Boljevci location, in treatments with the recommended dose. The higher (double) doses induced a more pronounced chlorosis, but the level of phytotoxicity did not exceed 10%. At the time of the second assessment, there were no symptoms of phytotoxicity in either location. There were no statistically significant differences with regards to the quantitative yield parameters (fresh weight of the yield, dry forage yield and the content of weeds in the green mass) and qualitative yield parameters (dry matter content, protein content and chemical quality indices of composite samples), in either location.Tokom 2016. godine izvedena su ispitivanja selektivnosti primene imazamoksa (preparata Sinamon i Pulsar-40) u usevu lucerke. Ogledi su postavljeni na dva lokaliteta, Boljevci i Kovilovo, po potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu u četiri ponavljanja. Ispitivani preparati primenjeni su u maksimalno preporučenim i dvostruko većim količinama primene. Vizuelne ocene eventualnih simptoma fitotoksičnosti obavljene su dve i četiri nedelje od momenta primene herbicida. U prvoj oceni, simptomi fitotoksičnosti (u vidu blage hloroze), utvrđeni su samo na lokalitetu Boljevci pri maksimalno preporučenim količinama primene. Dvostruko veće količine primene izazvale su nešto intezivniju hlorozu, pri čemu nivo fitotoksičnosti nije prešao 10%. U drugoj oceni, ni na jednom od lokaliteta, nisu bili vidljivi simptomi fitotoksičnosti. Za kvantitativne pokazatelje prinosa (prinos sveže mase, prinos suvog sena i sadržaj korova u zelenoj masi) i kvalitativne pokazatelje prinosa lucerke (sadržaj suve materije, sadržaj sirovih proteina i hemijski pokazatelji kvaliteta kompozitnih uzoraka) nije utvrđen statistički značajan uticaj imazamoksa ni na jednom od lokaliteta

Perzistentnost ostataka pendimetalina u blitvi

The aim of this study was to determine the persistence of pendimethalin and its impact on Swiss chard, as the succeeding crop in the crop rotation, using the bioassay method, by means of the morphological parameters measurement. In applying the tested concentrations of pendimethalin from 0.2475 to 3.96 ppm, the inhibition of certain measured parameters of the Swiss chard tested plants was demonstrated: root growth suppression in the range of 3.91 to 55.47 %, root fresh weight reduction from 5.56 to 55.56 %, reduction of shoot fresh weight from 2.2 to 44.35 % and the reduction of fresh weight of the whole plant in the range of 2.5 to 46.17 %. Inhibition of the fresh root weight a the most sensitive parameter in relation to the applied rates of the herbicide, was demonstrated, while the shoot fresh weight is a parameter that was not sensitive enough. Significant growth inhibition of all measured parameters was observed at pendimethalin concentrations above 0.99 ppm.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi perzistentnost pendimetalina i njegov uticaj na blitvu kao narednu gajenu biljku u plodoredu korišćenjem biotest metode, merenjem morfoloških parametara. Pri primeni ispitivanih koncentracija pendimetalina od 0,2475 do 3,96 ppm ispoljena je inhibicija određenih merenih parametara blitve kao test biljke: redukcija rasta korena u rasponu od 3,91-55,47 %, redukcija sveže mase korena 5,56-55,56 %, redukcija sveže mase izdanka 2,2- 44,35 % i redukcija sveže mase cele biljke u intervalu od 2,5-46,17 %. Kao najosetljiviji parametar, u odnosu na primenjene doze herbicida, pokazala se inhibicija sveže mase korena, a sveža masa izdanka predstavlja parametar koji nije dovoljno osetljiv. Značajni porast inhibicije svih merenih parametara uočava se pri koncentraciji pendimetalina iznad 0,99 ppm

Osetljivost kukuruza, suncokreta i ječma na rezidualno delovanje klomazona u zemljištu

Sensitivity of maize, sunflower and barley to clomazone residues in loamy soil was assessed in the study using bioassay. Clomazone was applied at a series of concentrations from 0.12 to 12 mg a.i./kg of soil. After 14 days, morphological (shoot height, fresh and dry weight) and physiological (content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) parameters were measured. The results showed that morphological parameters are not valid indicators of clomazone sensitivity. Based on the results showing inhibition of the physiological parameters, I50 values were calculated and used to estimate the difference in sensitivity between the species tested. Sunflower was the most sensitive species, while the difference in sensitivity between maize and barley was not significant. Nomenclature: clomazone (2-(2-chlorbenzyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one), maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).U radu je ispitivana osetljivost kukuruza, suncokreta i ječma na rezidualno delovanje klomazona u zemljištu tipa ilovače, metodom biotesta. Klomazon je primenjen u seriji koncentracija 0,12-12 mg a.s./kg zemljišta. Nakon 14 dana rasta biljaka mereni su morfološki (visina, sveža i suva masa izdanka) i fiziološki parametri (sadržaj karotenoida, hlorofila a i hlorofila b). Konstatovano je da morfološki parametri nisu pouzdano merilo osetljivosti na klomazon. Prema ostvarenim procentima inhibicije za merene fiziološke parametre izračunate su vrednosti I50, a na osnovu njih utvrđene su razlike u osetljivosti ispitivanih biljnih vrsta. Najosetljiviji je bio suncokret, dok se kukuruz i ječam nisu međusobno značajno razlikovali

Uticaj nikosulfurona na neke fiziološke grupe mikroorganizama u zemljištu

The effect of nicosulfuron on abundance of amino-autotrophs, amino-heterotrophs, Azotobacter sp., phospho-mobilizers and phospho-mineralizers was examined. A trial was set up in laboratory conditions on chernozem soil type. Nicosulfuron was applied in concentrations 0.3, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg soil. Sampling for analysis was done 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days after atrazine application. The results showed that the effect of nicosulfuron depended on rates of application, duration of activity and group of microorganisms. Nicosulfuron had an inhibiting effect on Azotobacter sp., amino-heterotrophs, and phospho-mobilizers. Nicosulfuron inhibited amino-autotrophs initially, and stimulated them after the population recovered, while nicosulfuron had stimulating effect on phospho-mineralizers. However, the changes detected were found to be transient, and therefore there is no real risk of the compound disrupting the balance of biochemical processes in chernozem soil.U radu je ispitivano kratkotrajno delovanje herbicida nikosulfurona na brojnost nekih fizioloških grupa mikroorganizama. Ogled je postavljen u laboratorijskim uslovima na zemljištu tipa černozem. Nikosulfuron je primenjen u količinama od 0,3, 1,5 i 3 mg/kg zemljišta. Praćene su neke fiziološke grupe mikroorganizama i to: aminoheterotrofi, aminoautotrofi, Azotobacter sp., fosfomineralizatori i fosfomobilizatori. Uzorci za analize uzimani su 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 i 60 dana posle primene nikosulfurona. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je uticaj nikosulfurona na brojnost ispitivanih fizioloških grupa mikroorganizama zavisio od primenjene količine i dužine delovanja i da je bio stimulativan ili inhibitoran. Nikosulfuron je inhibitorno delovao na Azotobacter sp., aminoheterotrofe i fosfomobilizatore. Na aminoautotrofe je prvo delovao inhibitorno, a kasnije, zbog obnavljanja populacije, stimulativno. Na fosfomineralizatore nikosulfuron je delovao stimulativno. Međutim, utvrđene promene su bile prolaznog karaktera, tako da se može smatrati da nema realnog rizika od narušavanja ravnoteže mikrobioloških procesa u zemljištu pod uticajem ovog herbicida

The application of plant growth regulator in Italian ryegrass seed crop

In seed crops of many temperate grass species stem lodging occurs during reproductive development. Nitrogen (N) spring application maximizes grass seed production, but influence the incidence and severity of lodging. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of different N rates (0, 50 and 100 kg ha−1) in spring and growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (TE) doses (0, 0.5 l ha−1 and 1 l ha−1; Moddus 250-EC) on morphological parameters of two commercial Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) cultivars, K-13 diploid and K-29 tetraploid type. Before swathing, internodes length, stem length, spike length and the number of spikelet from 10 randomly picked tillers per plot were measured. The increase of N rate significantly increased the fifth and sixth internodes length of cv. K-29. Also, significant decrease of internodes length was achieved in cv. K-29 with 1 l ha−1 TE, while stem length in cv. K-13 was unchanged by TE and N spring application. Cv. 29 had higher spike length than cv. K-13 and TE decreases length in both cultivars, in K-13 with 1 l ha−1 TE, while in K-29 with both doses of TE. The use of higher N fertilizer rates together with TE in Italian ryegrass seed crop can be more valuable practice for tetraploid cultivars

Stanje rezistentnosti korova na herbicide i antirezistentna strategija u Srbiji

Evolucija rezistentnosti korova na herbicide možda je najjača pokretačka snaga u traganju za herbicidima novih mehanizama delovanja, novih tehnologija u suzbijanju korova i promovisanje najbolje prakse za održivu proizvodnju useva. Ovaj fenomen je odličan primer brzog prilagođavanja biljaka ljudskoj aktivnosti, jer je odavno potvrđeno da rezistentnost nije problem herbicida već ponašanja njihovih korisnika. Ubediti poljoprivredne proizvođače da što ranije uvedu promene u upravljanje rezistentnošću korova, predstavlja veliki izazov i dugoročni zadatak za sve savetodavce i druge relevantne činioce u poljoprivredi. Najvažniji istraživački napori u ovoj oblasti treba da budu usmereni ka razvoju ekonomski održivih strategija za odlaganje pojave i upravljanje rezistentnošću. U Republici Srbiji do sada su potvrđeni slučajevi rezistentnosti Amaranthus retroflexus L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.,Helianthus annuus L. i Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. na ALS inhibitore, kao i S. halepense na pojedine inhibitore acetil koenzim A karboksilaze (ACC-aze) uključujući i višestruku rezistentnost ove vrste na inhibitore oba prethodno pomenuta mehanizma delovanja. Ekonomski najznačajnije korovske vrste u Srbiji su A. artemisiifolia, A. retroflexus i S. halepense rezistentni na ALS inhibitore. Procenjuje se da su ove tri korovske vrste sa svojstvom rezistentnosti na pomenute dominantne herbicide rasprostranjene na stotinama hiljada hektara, pri čemu pričinjavaju najveće štete u severnom delu Srbije

Distribucija nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta na području Srbije, II deo - prostorna distribucija i zastupljenost devet korovskih vrsta

This paper reviews the distribution and frequency of several species from a group of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weeds (Cannabis sativa, Chenopodium album, Ch. hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta campestris, Cynodon dactylon, Datura stramonium and Erigreon canadensis) on the territory of Serbia, using a 10x10 km UTM map. The assessment included all categories of land, fields under small grains, row crops, perennial forage crops, long-term plantations, fallow land and non-agricultural land.U radu je prikazana distribucija i zastupljenost nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta (Cannabis sativa, Chenopodium album, Ch. hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta campestris, Cynodon dactylon, Datura stramonium i Erigreon canadensis), na području Srbije, na UTM mapi, razmera 10x10 km. Snimanjima su obuhvaćene sve kategorije obradivih površina: strna žita, okopavine, višegodišnje krmne biljke, višegodišnji zasadi, strništa i nepoljoprivredne površine. Ocena zastupljenosti kartiranih vrsta rađena je po skali 1-4 (1 - vrsta se sreće pojedinačno i zauzima do 5% površine; 2 - sreće se i zauzima 5-25% površine; 3 - sreće se često i zauzima 25-50% površine; 4 - vrsta preovladava nad gajenom biljkom i zauzima preko 50% površine)

Imazethapyr persistence in sandy loam detected using white mustard bioassay

Field experiments were conducted during two years at Srem region to investigate the influence of meteorological conditions, time and rate of application on soil persistence of imazethapyr in sandy loam type of soil. Imazethapyr was applied PRE- and POST-EM and in both cases in three application rates: 80, 120 and 160g a.i./ha. Soil samples were collected from the day of herbicide application in predetermined intervals up to one year after application and residual concentrations were determined with a white mustard root bioassay. Imazetapyr persistence was significantly influenced by meteorological conditions with average half-life being 6days longer in season with lower precipitation level. Time of application induced slower imazethapyr dissipation resulting in higher average t(1/2) (seven and nine days in first and second year of examination, respectively). Application rates had no consistent effect on imazethapyr persistence. Imazethapyr residue level one year after application caused no visible injuries on white mustard shoots, while root growth reduction ranged from 4.6 to 27.7%. Obtained residue levels were further compared with known data on crop sensitivity in order to assess possibility of crop injuries one year after imazethapyr application

Fitotoksičnost folijarno primenjenog imazamoksa za grašak u kome su primenjeni zemljišni herbicidi

The selectivity trial of combined application of soil herbicides (pendimethalin and linurone) and foliar herbicide (imazamox) was conducted in Sakule during vegetation season in 2016. Two commercial formulations of imazamox were used: Sinamon and Pulsar-40, both applied at maximum recommended doses and twice the recommended doses. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized block design, with four replications. Phytotoxicity assess­ments were performed 14 and 35 days after imazamox application (plants hight measure­ment, and flowering inhibition in 2nd assessment) and at harvest time (visual assessment). In 1st assessment, except of obvious hlorosis, the highly suppressive effect of imazamox on plants was recorded (the average hight reductions were 12.3 and 52.47% for imazamox treat­ments of 48 and 96 g a.i./ha, respectively). In 2nd assessment the average growth reductions were 8.54 and 36.29% for treatments applied. There was also very obvious flowering reduc­tion (to be exact in form of delay). At the ripening time there were no visual differences in plants hight, but there were significant ripening delay, especially in treatments with doubled doses of imazamox applied.Tokom 2016. godine na lokalitetu Sakule izveden je ogled selektivnosti kombinovane primene zemljišnih (pendimetalin+linuron) i folijamog herbicida (imazamoks). Za ispitivanje su korišćene dve formulacije za komercijalnu upotrebu, preparati Sinamon i Pulsar-40, koji su primenjeni u maksimalno preporučenim i dvostruko većim količinama. Ogled je postavljen po tipu potpunog slučajnog blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja. Ocene ispoljenih efekata obav­ljene su 14 i 35 dana nakon primene imazamoksa (merenje visine biljaka, a u drugoj oceni i procena inhibicije cvetanja), kao i u vreme zrenja (vizuelna ocena). U prvoj oceni, osim jasne hloroze, utvrđeno je izrazito supresivno delovanje imazamoksa na biljke graška (smanjenjem rasta koje je u prošeku iznosilo 12,03%, odnosno 52,47% za tretmane sa primenom imazamoksa u količini od 48, odnosno 96 g a.s./ha, tim redom). U drugoj oceni, prosečna inhibicija rasta iznosila je 8,54, odnosno 36,29% za primenjene tretmane imazamoksa, a utvrđena je i inhibicija (tačnije kašnjenje) cvetanja. U vreme zrenja nije bilo vizuelnih razlika u porastu biljaka, ali je zapaženo kašnjenje u zrenju, koje je značajnije bilo izraženo u tretmanu sa primenom veće količine imazamoksa