Haemoglobin level in relation to vitamin D status in infants and toddlers

Introduction: Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) is defined as the level of 25(OH)D in the serum < 30 ng/ml. According to the contemporary research, even the slight vitamin D deficiency can adversely affect our body in many ways. Numerous studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency is very common in children. The study aimed to research the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in infants and toddlers, the connection between VDD and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), as well as the correlation between 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) and haemoglobin (Hb) in the examinees. Method: The study includes 150 children, 73 (49%) newborns and 77 (51%) infants. Vitamin D status was determined through the amount of 25(OH)D in blood, using the electrochemiluminescence. Results: Vitamin D Deficiency was found in 58% of infants and toddlers (severe vitamin D deficiency was found in 16% of examinees, vitamin D deficiency was found in 23% of examinees, while vitamin D insufficiency was found in 19% of examinees). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and anaemia were found in 80% of examined infants and toddlers. VDD was found in 49% of newborns that were not anaemic. We have observed the substantial difference between the examinees suffering from both anaemia and VDD and the examinees suffering from VDD only. Conclusion: The highest level on anaemia was found in the children with severe vitamin D deficiency, while in the examined infants and toddlers, there was a connection between the level of 25(OH)D and Hb in the serum

Comparative pathomorphological, mycological and molecular examination of turkey poults with different immunological status experimentally infected with aspergillus fumigatus

The aim of this study was to determine the pathological, mycological and molecular findings in turkey poults with different immunological status experimentally infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. The investigation was carried out 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after intratracheal inoculation of 5.056x10(7) spores of A. fumigatus to 14-day-old turkey poults in group G-1, as well as to turkey poults in group G-2 which were treated prior to infection with dexamethasone. A. fumigatus was isolated on day 1 p.i. in both groups, but the number of positive samples was bigger in group G-1. A. fumigatus was isolated from the respiratory organs of group G-1as early as on day 1 and 3 p.i. in 4 out of 12 examined specimens (33%). On day 7 p.i. A. fumigatus was possible to isolate from the respiratory organs of 50% of infected birds, on day 14 in 83.33% and on day 21 p.i. A. fumigatus was isolated in 6 out of 6 sacrificed turkey poults (100%). In dexamethasone-treated group A. fumigatus isolates from the respiratory organs on day 1 and 3 p.i. were same as in group G-1, whereas on days 7 and 14 p.i. the number of turkey poults positive to A. fumigatus increased in comparison with the untreated G-1 group. The histopathological lesions in turkey poults treated with dexamethasone developed earlier, were more intensive and extensive. The mycological and nested PCR results revealed a higher number of samples positive for the presence of A. fumigatus DNA in the group G-2, pretreated with dexamethasone

Validation of endogenous controls for gene expression studies in peripheral lymphocytes from war veterans with and without PTSD

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Selection of appropriate endogenous control is a critical step in gene expression analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression stability of four frequently used endogenous controls: β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β₂-microglobulin and RNA polymerase II polypeptide A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from war veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study was designed as to identify suitable reference gene(s) for normalization of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to war trauma and/or PTSD.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The variability in expression of the four endogenous controls was assessed by TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from: war veterans with current PTSD, those with lifetime PTSD, trauma controls and healthy subjects. Expression stability was analyzed by GeNorm and NormFinder software packages, and by direct comparison of Ct values. Both, GeNorm and NormFinder identified β-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a pair of genes with the lowest stability value.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The combination of β-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase appeared to be the most suitable reference for studying alterations in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells related to vulnerability and resilience to PTSD, as well as to trauma-provoked developing of this disorder and recovery from it. Using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-actin and β_2-microglobulin as individual endogenous controls would provide satisfactory data, while RNA polymerase II polypeptide A could not be recommended.</p

Improving the combined boiler-stove MBS 90kv construction

Razvijena je unapređena konstrukcija originalnog kombinovanog štednjaka kotla MBS 90KV. Konstrukcija je unapređena da bi se zadovoljili zahtevi evropskog propisa o ovoj vrsti proizvoda EN 12815, koji je stupio na snagu marta 2002. godine. Na ranije projektovanoj i izvedenoj ispitnoj instalaciji obavljena su ispitivanja nazivne toplotne snage, vremena postizanja stacionarnog stanja i stepena korisnosti pri pogonu na tri različita goriva ogrevno drvo, ugalj i briket od ostatka prerade drveta. U radu je izložen deo rezultata dobijenih ovim ispitivanjima.The improved construction of original combined stove- -boiler MBS 90 KV has been developed. The construction is improved in order to live up requests of the European regulation of this kind of products EN 12815, which has went into effect in March 2002. On already designed and performed test installation, the tests of thermal power, time of reaching the steady state and the design of performance during driving by three different fuels: wood coal and briquette from the wood treatment, have been carried out. The paper deals with a part of the results obtained by this testing

Improving the combined boiler-stove MBS 90kv construction

Razvijena je unapređena konstrukcija originalnog kombinovanog štednjaka kotla MBS 90KV. Konstrukcija je unapređena da bi se zadovoljili zahtevi evropskog propisa o ovoj vrsti proizvoda EN 12815, koji je stupio na snagu marta 2002. godine. Na ranije projektovanoj i izvedenoj ispitnoj instalaciji obavljena su ispitivanja nazivne toplotne snage, vremena postizanja stacionarnog stanja i stepena korisnosti pri pogonu na tri različita goriva ogrevno drvo, ugalj i briket od ostatka prerade drveta. U radu je izložen deo rezultata dobijenih ovim ispitivanjima.The improved construction of original combined stove- -boiler MBS 90 KV has been developed. The construction is improved in order to live up requests of the European regulation of this kind of products EN 12815, which has went into effect in March 2002. On already designed and performed test installation, the tests of thermal power, time of reaching the steady state and the design of performance during driving by three different fuels: wood coal and briquette from the wood treatment, have been carried out. The paper deals with a part of the results obtained by this testing

National program of prevention of disorder in speech and language development in children

Program organizacije ranog otkrivanja i rane intervencije kod govorno-jezičke patologije, zahteva višegodišnju reorganizaciju zdravstvenog sistema, kako bi se problem dece sa smetnjama doveo na nivo svetskih statistika. Oštećenje govora i sluha predstavljaju najčešće oblike psihofizioloških poremećaja. Poremećaji govora javljaju se, kako kod dece sa navedenim oblicima ometenosti, tako i kod dece opšte populacije. S obzirom na važnost problema, radna grupa Komisije za prevenciju i lečenje psihofizioloških i govornih poremećaja Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije je predložila projekat za izradu nacionalnog programa prevencije psiho-fizioloških i govornih poremećaja. Izradom nacionalnog programa prevencije trebalo bi da se značajno smanji broj dece sa psihofiziološkim i govornim poremećajima. Ovaj Program će omogućiti formiranje Registra dece sa psihofiziološkim poremećajima i govornom patologijom, unaprediti kvalitet života dece i porodica u kojima oni žive, a umanjiti broj dece čija bi patologija bila indikacija za smeštaj u ustanove socijalne zaštite. Nacionalni program za prevenciju i lečenje psihofizioloških poremećaja je u skladu sa preporukama Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, čiji je cilj rano otkrivanje psihofizioloških poremećaja i govorne patologije, adekvatna dijagnostika i terapija sa ciljem smanjenja frekvencije psihofizioloških i govornih poremećaja i poboljšanja kvaliteta života osoba sa smetnjama u razvoju.Program of organization of early detection and early intervention in speech-language pathology requires a multi-year restructuring of the health system so the problem of children with disorders could reach world statistics level. Impairment of speech and hearing are the most common forms of psycho-physiological disorders. Speech disorders - are occurring in children with these forms of disability, as well as in children of the general population. Considering the importance of problem, a working group of the Commission for the prevention and treatment of speech disorders and psycho physiological Serbian Ministry of Health has proposed a project to develop a national program prevention of psycho-physiological and speech disorders. Study of a national prevention program should significantly reduce the number of children with psycho-physiological and speech disorders. This program will create a register of children with psycho physiological disorders and speech pathology, improved quality of life of children and families where they live, and reduce the number of children whose pathology was the indication for placement in institutions of social care. National Program for prevention and treatment of psycho physiological disorders in - accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, aimed at early detection of psycho physiological disorders and speech pathology, diagnosis and appropriate therapy to reduce the frequency of psycho physiological disorders and speech and - improves the quality of life for people with development disorders

National program of prevention of disorder in speech and language development in children

Program organizacije ranog otkrivanja i rane intervencije kod govorno-jezičke patologije, zahteva višegodišnju reorganizaciju zdravstvenog sistema, kako bi se problem dece sa smetnjama doveo na nivo svetskih statistika. Oštećenje govora i sluha predstavljaju najčešće oblike psihofizioloških poremećaja. Poremećaji govora javljaju se, kako kod dece sa navedenim oblicima ometenosti, tako i kod dece opšte populacije. S obzirom na važnost problema, radna grupa Komisije za prevenciju i lečenje psihofizioloških i govornih poremećaja Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije je predložila projekat za izradu nacionalnog programa prevencije psiho-fizioloških i govornih poremećaja. Izradom nacionalnog programa prevencije trebalo bi da se značajno smanji broj dece sa psihofiziološkim i govornim poremećajima. Ovaj Program će omogućiti formiranje Registra dece sa psihofiziološkim poremećajima i govornom patologijom, unaprediti kvalitet života dece i porodica u kojima oni žive, a umanjiti broj dece čija bi patologija bila indikacija za smeštaj u ustanove socijalne zaštite. Nacionalni program za prevenciju i lečenje psihofizioloških poremećaja je u skladu sa preporukama Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, čiji je cilj rano otkrivanje psihofizioloških poremećaja i govorne patologije, adekvatna dijagnostika i terapija sa ciljem smanjenja frekvencije psihofizioloških i govornih poremećaja i poboljšanja kvaliteta života osoba sa smetnjama u razvoju.Program of organization of early detection and early intervention in speech-language pathology requires a multi-year restructuring of the health system so the problem of children with disorders could reach world statistics level. Impairment of speech and hearing are the most common forms of psycho-physiological disorders. Speech disorders - are occurring in children with these forms of disability, as well as in children of the general population. Considering the importance of problem, a working group of the Commission for the prevention and treatment of speech disorders and psycho physiological Serbian Ministry of Health has proposed a project to develop a national program prevention of psycho-physiological and speech disorders. Study of a national prevention program should significantly reduce the number of children with psycho-physiological and speech disorders. This program will create a register of children with psycho physiological disorders and speech pathology, improved quality of life of children and families where they live, and reduce the number of children whose pathology was the indication for placement in institutions of social care. National Program for prevention and treatment of psycho physiological disorders in - accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, aimed at early detection of psycho physiological disorders and speech pathology, diagnosis and appropriate therapy to reduce the frequency of psycho physiological disorders and speech and - improves the quality of life for people with development disorders

Interdimensional radial discrete diffraction in Mathieu photonic lattices

We demonstrate transitional dimensionality of discrete diffraction in radial-elliptical photonic lattices. Varying the order, characteristic structure size, and ellipticity of the Mathieu beams used for the photonic lattices generation, we control the shape of discrete diffraction distribution over the combination of the radial direction with the circular, elliptic, or hyperbolic. We also investigate the transition from one-dimensional to two-dimensional discrete diffraction by varying the input probe beam position. The most pronounced discrete diffraction is observed along the crystal anisotropy direction

„Mirišeš mi na proljeće” – program promicanja nepušenja za učenike osnovne škole

Program promicanja nepušenja za osnovnoškolce pod nazivom „Dišiš mi po pomladi“ (Mirišeš mi na proljeće) cjelovit je program koji ujedinjuje tri veće aktivnosti, uključujući i jednu na nacionalnoj razini. To su: potpisivanje prisege  o nepušenju, likovno ili literarno natjecanje s posebnom tematikom te završnu priredbu s izložbom. Sva tri dijela programa uključena su u školske aktivnosti i odvijaju se zahvaljujući aktivnoj suradnji učenika i učitelja, a temelje se na načelima promicanja zdravlja te su usklađena s godišnjim nastavnim planom. Navedene aktivnosti međusobno se nadopunjuju i povezuju i tako omogućavaju sinergijsko postizanje ciljeva. Program promicanja nepušenja među učenicima „Mirišeš mi na proljeće“ na izravan način podupire pozitivan lik mlade osobe koja ne puši i koja je upravo radi te svoje odluke ugodna, omiljena, uspješna, zabavna, zadovoljna sama sobom, samouvjerena i samostalna