Žene u poduzetništvu- ženski udio u stvaranju gubitka u srednjim i malim poduzećima

The paper explores the ownership structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which fell into a debt crisis due to business failures, in order to indicate the differences between male and female entrepreneurs. We conducted the empirical research on a sample of 186 small and medium-sized loss-making enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. The results obtained by descriptive statistical analysis of the observed sampleshow that the participation of female companies among loss-making enterprises is considerably low. The ratio of companies owned by women and those owned by men was 18.8%: 81.2%. Furthermore, we have recorded a significant difference in the amounts of debt, indicating that female companies have significantly lower debt rates when compared to those owned by men. The findings of this research can be applied as a strategic framework for policymakers to encourage female entrepreneurship.Rad istražuje vlasničku strukturu malih i srednjih poduzeća, koja su upala u dužničku krizu uslijed propusta u poslovanju, kako bi se ukazalo na razlike između muških i ženskih poduzetnika. Empirijsko istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 186 malih i srednjih poduzeća, koja su poslovala s gubitkom u Republici Srbiji. Na osnovu dobivenih rezultata primjenom deskriptivne statističke analize posmatranog uzorka, dokazano je da je zastupljenost ženskih poduzeća, koja su poslovala s gubitkom veoma niska. Udio poduzeća čiji su vlasnici žene iznosio je samo 18.8%, u usporedbi sa 81.2% poduzeća u vlasništvu muškaraca. Takođe, utvrđeno je da postoji značajna razlika u visini duga, pri čemu je utvrđeno da ženska poduzeća imaju značajno niže stope dugovanja za razliku od poduzeća u vlasništvu muškaraca. Rezultate ovog istraživanja mogu primjeniti kreatori politika kao strateški okvir u cilju poticanja ženskog poduzetništva

Development of a Multi-Criteria Model for Sustainable Reorganization of a Healthcare System in an Emergency Situation Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Healthcare systems worldwide are facing problems in providing health care to patients in a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). The pandemic causes an extreme disease to spread with fluctuating needs among patients, which significantly affect the capacity and overall performance of healthcare systems. In addition, its impact on the sustainability of the entire economic and social system is enormous and certain sustainable management strategies need to be selected. To meet the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and ensure sustainable performance, national healthcare systems must adapt to new circumstances. This paper proposes an original multi-criteria methodology for the sustainable selection of strategic guidelines for the reorganization of a healthcare system under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The selection of an appropriate strategic guideline is made on the basis of defined criteria and depending on infection capacity and pandemic spread risk. The criteria for the evaluation of strategic guidelines were defined on the basis of a survey in which the medical personnel engaged in the crisis response team during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Serbia participated. The Level-Based Weight Assessment (LBWA) model and Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical-Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH) method were used to determine the weight coefficient criteria, while a novel fuzzy Ranking of Alternatives through Functional Mapping of Criterion Subintervals into a Single Interval (RAFSI) model was used to evaluate the strategic guidelines. The proposed multi-criteria methodology was tested in a case study in the Republic of Serbia. The validity of the proposed methodology is shown through the simulation of changes in input parameters of Bonferroni aggregation functions and through a comparison with other multi-criteria methodologies.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel – 202

Evaluation of rapeseed varieties using novel integrated fuzzy PIPRECIA – Fuzzy MABAC model

Decision making is constantly present in agriculture. Choosing the wrong variety carries the risk that the investment in terms of sowing does not pay off at all. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the variety that gives the best results. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to apply multi-criteria decision-making of available varieties, which is, in this paper, done on the example of hybrid varieties of rapeseed that were created by selection at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. By applying fuzzy logic, a novel integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model is developed and rapeseed varieties were evaluated. For determining four main and 20 subcriteria, fuzzy PIPRECIA (PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment) method has been applied based on fuzzy Bonferroni operator, while for ranking alternatives fuzzy MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) method has been used. The results obtained using the novel integrated fuzzy MCDM model showed that the variety A2 – Zorica has the best results, followed by A1 - NS Ras, while the worst results were seen by the variety A5 - Zlatna. These results were confirmed using other five fuzzy MCDM methods. Sensitivity analysis—changing criteria weights showed the worst results in the variety A6 - Jovana, which took last place in the application of 18 scenarios. The presented model and the results of this research will help farmers to solve this decision problem

Determining the Competitiveness of Spa-Centers in Order to Achieve Sustainability Using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model

Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) possess many natural resources that can be exploited for the development of medical tourism. The offer of medical tourism in B&H is focused on spa tourism. B&H has 16 registered spa-centers offering different types of services. This study provides a complete overview of the assessment of the current state of spa-centres using expert decision-making and methods of multi-criteria analysis. An innovative and novel MCDM model based on integration of the FUCOM (full consistency method) and fuzzy MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution) methods was used. The model consists of 16 alternatives and eight sustainable criteria. The results of this research have shown that the spa-centers of Ilidža near Sarajevo, Fojnica and Vrućica have the best assessments of the current situation and prerequisites for sustainable business. These spa-centers should be a benchmark to other spas providing direction on how to improve their business to be more sustainable and competitive in the market. These results were confirmed by a sensitivity analysis with two approaches used. The first approach was to compare the results obtained by the fuzzy MARCOS method with other fuzzy methods, and the second approach was to examine the influence of the application of different weights on the final ranking of the spa. The results of this study can serve spa-canter managers to understand the position of their spa-centers in order to exploit advantages they have and eliminate the shortcomings to improve their business

ISTRAŽIVANJE MOTIVACIJE SKIJAŠA I FAKTORA KOJI UTIČU NA IZBOR SKIJAŠKE DESTINACIJE

The main aim of this research is to explore skiers as a segment of the Serbian tourism market, i.e., their reasons of choosing a ski destination for travel. In order to find the answers about the motives of ski tourists, quantitative research was conducted. The data was collected through a Questionnaire on the reasons ski tourists travel and the factors influencing their choice of ski destination. The research represents a pilot project, conducted on a suitable sample of 92 tourists in the Republic of Serbia. The reasons why ski tourists travel to Serbia are divided into three groups: psychological reasons (active holidays, health, enjoyment, relaxation, self-achievement, fleeing from everyday life, and staying in nature); social reasons (spending time with the family, spending time with friends, getting to know new people, new experiences) and reasons for status and prestige (development / testing of ski skills, desire for recognition, proving oneself to others, social recognition, demonstration of skills). The data were analyzed using software SPSS for Windows version 20. The results are presented by the means of descriptive statistics, and since data were normally distributed, the differences were determined by the means of parametric statistical technique, ANOVA method. The research results showed that in the overall sample the most important reasons for traveling are those of a psychological nature, followed by reasons of a social nature, while for skiers in Serbia status and prestige are the least important reasons.Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je da se istraže skijaši koji sačinjavaju segment srpskog turističkog tržišta, odnosno njihovi razlozi za izbor skijaške destinacije i putovanja. Da bi se pronašli odgovori o motivima skijaša-turista, sprovedeno je kvantitativno istraživanje, a podaci su prikupljeni putem upitnika o razlozima putovanja skijaša-turista i faktorima koji utiču na izbor skijaške destinacije. Istraživanje predstavlja pilot projekat koji se sprovodi sa odgovarajućem uzorkom ispitanika kojeg sačinjava 92-oje turista u Republici Srbiji. Razlozi zbog kojih skijaši-turisti biraju Srbiju podeljeni su u tri grupe: psihološki razlozi (aktivni odmor, zdravlje, uživanje, opuštanje, samopostignuće, beg od svakodnevnog života i boravak u prirodi); socijalni razlozi (druženje sa porodicom, druženje sa prijateljima, upoznavanje novih ljudi, nova iskustva) i razlozi za status i prestiž (razvoj/testiranje skijaških vještina, želja za priznanjem, dokazivanje drugima, društveno priznanje, demonstracija veština). Podaci su analizirani korišćenjem softvera SPSS za Windows verzija 20. Rezultati su predstavljeni deskriptivno, a obzirom da su su podaci normalno distribuirani, razlike su utvrđivane parametarskom statističkom tehnikom, ANOVA metodom. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su u ukupnom uzorku najvažniji razlozi za putovanje psihološke prirode, praćeni razlozima socijalne prirode, dok su za skijaše u Srbiji status i prestiž najmanje bitni razlozi

The role of employees and human resource management in creating brand values

Regarding the definitions of brand, which indicate that the purpose of branding is to create long-term relationships with consumers, brand management can be defined as the process of building consumer loyalty towards the brand. A brand is more than just a product. Practice shows that branded products have been built on for many years, by raising the level of quality, and creating a special relationship with consumers. In the process of creating loyal customer there is a great importance of human resources whose skills, competence and empathy influence the brand positioning. Considering the importance of human resource management, the paper explores the role of employees in the process of creating brand value

Wpływ czynników motywacji pracowników na satysfakcję z pracy w przedsiębiorstwach górniczych

The paper analyses the relations and influence of employee motivation factors on job satisfaction in mining companies. The empirical study was conducted among the two largest mining companies in the Republic of Serbia. The sample consisted of 200 respondents employed in the selected companies. The data were processed using SPSS 21.0. Package, which was applied in order to conduct standard multiple regression analysis and determine the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results indicate a significant correlation between motivation factors and job satisfaction among the employees. In addition, the findings imply that motivation factors, such as nonmaterial motivators related to work (NMW) and material motivators (MAT), have a significant influence on satisfaction. The research has theoretical contribution regarding the limited studies exploring the motivation of employees in the mining sector. In practice, the study provides significant insight into designing motivation systems to improve the effectiveness of human resources management in mining companies. Bearing in mind that the business success of mining companies strongly affects the country’s economy, this research has greater importance and broader perspective.Artykuł analizuje relacje i wpływ czynników motywacji pracowników na satysfakcję z pracy w przedsiębiorstwach górniczych. Badanie empiryczne przeprowadzono wśród dwóch największych firm górniczych w Republice Serbii. Próba składała się z 200 respondentów zatrudnionych w wybranych firmach. Dane zostały przetworzone przy użyciu SPSS 21.0. Pakiet, który zastosowano w celu przeprowadzenia standardowej analizy regresji wielokrotnej i wyznaczenia współczynnika korelacji Pearsona. Wyniki wskazują na istotną korelację pomiędzy czynnikami motywacyjnymi a satysfakcją z pracy wśród pracowników. Ponadto wyniki sugerują, że czynniki motywacyjne, takie jak niematerialne motywatory związane z pracą (NMW) i materialne motywatory (MAT), mają istotny wpływ na satysfakcję. Badania mają wkład teoretyczny w zakresie ograniczonych badań eksplorujących motywację pracowników w sektorze górniczym. W praktyce badanie dostarcza istotnego wglądu w projektowanie systemów motywacyjnych w celu poprawy efektywności zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi w przedsiębiorstwach górniczych. Mając na uwadze, że sukces biznesowy firm górniczych silnie wpływa na gospodarkę kraju, badanie to ma większe znaczenie i szerszą perspektywę

State Incentives and Sustainable Motivation System in the Health Sector

Now that the pandemic has entered the second phase, in which countries are adapting to the crisis, governments need to determine incentives that will contribute to the sustainability of the health system and human health. Regarding this, human resources are a significant factor, which affects the sustainability of any system, and it is important to establish a relevant motivation system that will withstand the challenges that society will face in the coming period. The aim of this paper is to analyse three dimensions of state incentives (employment program, COVID-19 bonus, training opportunities) and to examine their influence on healthcare workers’ motivation and the sustainability of the health system in the Republic of Serbia. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 207 respondents employed in the tertiary level of healthcare. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). The research results confirmed the existence of all three incentives and indicated that state incentive “training opportunities” has the strongest effect on the motivation of health workers and the sustainability of the healthcare system

State Incentives and Sustainable Motivation System in the Health Sector

Now that the pandemic has entered the second phase, in which countries are adapting to the crisis, governments need to determine incentives that will contribute to the sustainability of the health system and human health. Regarding this, human resources are a significant factor, which affects the sustainability of any system, and it is important to establish a relevant motivation system that will withstand the challenges that society will face in the coming period. The aim of this paper is to analyse three dimensions of state incentives (employment program, COVID-19 bonus, training opportunities) and to examine their influence on healthcare workers’ motivation and the sustainability of the health system in the Republic of Serbia. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 207 respondents employed in the tertiary level of healthcare. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). The research results confirmed the existence of all three incentives and indicated that state incentive “training opportunities” has the strongest effect on the motivation of health workers and the sustainability of the healthcare system

Evaluation of rapeseed varieties using novel integrated fuzzy PIPRECIA – Fuzzy MABAC model

Decision making is constantly present in agriculture. Choosing the wrong variety carries the risk that the investment in terms of sowing does not pay off at all. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the variety that gives the best results. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to apply multi-criteria decision-making of available varieties, which is, in this paper, done on the example of hybrid varieties of rapeseed that were created by selection at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. By applying fuzzy logic, a novel integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model is developed and rapeseed varieties were evaluated. For determining four main and 20 subcriteria, fuzzy PIPRECIA (PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment) method has been applied based on fuzzy Bonferroni operator, while for ranking alternatives fuzzy MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) method has been used. The results obtained using the novel integrated fuzzy MCDM model showed that the variety A2 – Zorica has the best results, followed by A1 - NS Ras, while the worst results were seen by the variety A5 - Zlatna. These results were confirmed using other five fuzzy MCDM methods. Sensitivity analysis—changing criteria weights showed the worst results in the variety A6 - Jovana, which took last place in the application of 18 scenarios. The presented model and the results of this research will help farmers to solve this decision problem.DFG, 414044773, Open Access Publizieren 2021 - 2022 / Technische Universität Berli