Uslovi smeštaja u proceni rizika po dobrobit teladi

This paper shows results of calf welfare risk assessment at intensive breeding farms. Assessment has been conducted on the basis of housing conditions which can have negative influence on welfare of cattle, especially in calf category considering their needs. According to analysis results very good housing conditions were confirmed in open shed rearing stall (C) and closed type rearing stall without feeding yard (A), whilst in closed rearing stall with feeding yard (B) housing conditions were estimated as acceptable. Based on collected data about housing conditions, we have estimated that the least risk for calf welfare is at C farm, slightly higher at A farm and the highest at B farm. Data about housing conditions and analysis of potential welfare risk factors show possible causes for already present health and other problems with animals, which also can reappear in future. However for that reason, applying described methods can increase rearing conditions and increase production at cattle farms.U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati procene rizika po dobrobit teladi na farmi sa intenzivnim načinom gajenja. Procena je izvršena na osnovu faktora vezanih za uslove smeštaja koji mogu da imaju negativan uticaj na dobrobit goveda u kategoriji teladi, uzimajući u obzir njihove životne potrebe. Prema rezultatima analize, vrlo dobri uslovi smeštaja teladi utvrđeni su u otvorenom objektu (C) i zatvorenom objektu bez ispusta (A), dok su u zatvorenom objektu sa ispustom (B) uslovi procenjeni kao dobri. Na osnovu dobijenih podataka o smeštajnim uslovima, procenjeno je da u objektu C postoji najmanji rizik po dobrobit teladi, nešto veći u objektu A, a najveći u objektu B. Podaci o smeštajnim uslovima i analiza potencijalnih rizika po dobrobit ukazuju na moguće uzroke već prisutnih zdravstvenih i drugih problema kod životinja, kao i na probleme koji mogu da se jave u budućnosti. Iz tog razloga, primena opisanih metoda može da doprinese poboljšanju uslova gajenja i proizvodnih rezultata na farmama goveda

Etiopatogeneza i dijagnostika oboljenja centralnog nervnog sistema preživara sa posebnim osvrtom na BSE

In spite of impressive general progress and achievements, the last decade of the twentieth century was marked by the appearance of a neurogenetative disease in cattle, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), known as the mad cow disease, which the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1997, proclaimed a rare but unfortunately fatal zoonosis. The new variant of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) is a direct parallel with BSE. The mere incidence, and in particular, the spreading of BSE cases in other countries of the European Union (EU), in addition to the United Kingdom (UK), was followed by insufficiently clear and contradictory stands by researchers especially regarding the issue of etiopathogenesis and the possible epidemiological risk of certain tissues originating from ruminants, and which could have significance in the transmission of BSE among humans. Today, it could be said for BSE that it is under active monitoring, or control, which is a result of the implementation of many strict prescribed legislative measures, in particular in EU countries. Countries such as ours - which have not registered a single clinically manifest case of BSE so far and where no BSE was diagnosed in laboratories on brain samples of animals taken from the slaughter line of animals older than 24 months, or animals with neurological syndromes - are obliged to join the BSE monitoring and draw up a risk analysis, both because of the possible evaluation of the epizootiological-epidemiological situation (passive supervision), and because of possible imports and exports of cattle and beef from and to the EU market. Using the model of recognizing other similar diseases of the CNS with a set of analyses (observing the clinical picture for several days recognizing the so-called critical neurological sign, and certain findings in blood, serum, liquor, and urine), it is possible to rule out BSE and evaluate its prevalence. Other CNS diseases in cattle, such as listeriosis chlamydeous sporadic encephalopathy, rabies, and secondary encephalopathies such as the nervous form of ketosis, hepatic encephalopathy hypomagnesiemia, lead poisoning, poisoning with tremorgenic toxins such as saponin or ergotamine, can be found in a certain percentage in our conditions of maintenance of high-yield dairy cows as well. Among CNS diseases diagnosed in sheep, the most frequently diagnosed are listeriosis border disease, congenital hypomyelinogenesis, the looping ill infection gravidity toxemia, some certain toxicoses, cenurosis, and scrape. Methods of so-called quick diagnostics, such as the Western Blot and/or ELISA test enable screening for routine diagnostics and consequently active monitoring of BSE. Even though we have not registered a single case of BSE in our country yet, it is still necessary as soon as possible to make an evaluation of the risk analysis of BSE, using the recognized differential-diagnostic approach, in recognizing the prevalence of BSE in vivo, as opposed to other similar neurological disorders and diseases of the CNS, which are especially important in high-yield dairy cows.Poslednju deceniju dvadesetog veka i pored impresivnog svekolikog napretka i dostignuća, obeležila je i pojava jedne neurodegenerativne bolesti goveda Bovine spongiform encephaloptahy (BSE) poznate i kao bolest "ludih krava" koju je Svetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) 1997. godine proglasila retkom, ali nažalost, fatalnom zoonozom. Nova varijanta Creutzfeldt-Jakobove bolesti (vCJD) je direktna paralela sa BSE. Samu pojavu, a naročito širenje slučajeva BSE i u drugim zemljama Evropske unije (EU) osim Ujedinjenog kraljevstva (UK), prate nedovoljno jasni i kontradiktorni stavovi istraživača, naročito oko pitanja etiopatogeneze i mogućeg epidemiološkog rizika pojedinih tkiva koja potiču od preživara a koja bi mogla da ima značaj u transmisiji BSE kod ljudi. Danas se za BSE može da kaže da je pod "aktivnim nadzorom", odnosno pod kontrolom, što je posledica primene mnogih strogih, propisanih mera legislative, posebno u zemljama EU. Zemlje kao što je i naša, a koje nisu do sada ustanovile ni jedan klinički manifestan slučaj BSE, niti BSE dijagnostikovan u laboratoriji na uzorcima mozga životinja uzetih sa linije klanja grla starijih od 24 meseca, ili grla sa neurološkim sindromima, dužne su da se uključe u monitoring BSE i sačine "analizu rizika", kako zbog mogućeg sagledavanja epizootiološko-epidemiološke situacije (pasivni nadzor), tako i zbog eventualnog uvoza i izvoza goveda i goveđeg mesa sa i na tržište EU. Po modelu prepoznavanja drugih sličnih oboljenja CNS, setom analiza (posmatranjem kliničke slike nekoliko dana, prepoznavanjem "kritičnog neurološkog znaka" određenim nalazima u krvi, serumu, likvoru i urinu), BSE je moguće isključiti ili proceniti njegovu prevalenciju. Ostala oboljenja CNS kod goveda kao što su listerioza, hlamidiozna sporadična encefalopatija besnilo, te sekundarne encefalopatije kao što su nervna forma ketoze hepatična encefalopatija, hipomagnezijemija, trovanje olovom, trovanje tremorgenim toksinima tipa saponina i ergotamina, u određenom procentu nalazimo i u našim uslovima držanja visoko-mlečnih krava. Od oboljenja centralnog nervnog sistema ovaca najčešće se dijagnostikuju listerioza border bolest, urođena hipomijelinogeneza, lupingill, graviditetna toksemija, neka određena trovanja, cenuroza i skrepi. Metodama takozvane brze dijagnostike kao štoje Western blot i/ili ELISA test, omogućen je "skrining" za rutinsku dijagnostiku, odnosno, za aktivni nadzor BSE. Iako u našoj zemlji još uvek nismo registrovali nijedan slučaj BSE, ipak je potrebno što pre da se sačini procena analize rizika od BSE, koristeći priznati diferencijalno-dijagnostički pristup, u prepoznavanju prevalencije BSE "in vivo", od drugih, sličnih neuroloških poremećaja i oboljenja CNS posebno važnih kod visoko-mlečnih krava

Zdravstveno stanje teladi i krava holštajn frizijske rase u puerperijumu (pregled istraživanja)

Intensive cattle farming covers a wide range of technological processes that should enable continued production and optimal use of production capacity. In such circumstances newborn calves have to adapt to different environmental factors, including diet. The technology of growing calves diet was initially based exclusively on a diet of colostrum and then milk. After that, the food introduced other feed (hay, feed mixture), but after three months the milk completely excluded from the diet. For high - dairy cows metabolic disorders such as ketosis, fatty liver syndrome, puerperal paresis, rumen acidosis, laminitis, have been caused by many factors, such as non adequate nutrition nutrition, poor housing conditions and care. Prophylactic treatment of metabolic disorders is done with adequate nutrition that needs to be matched by production meal and product category with health control cows.Intenzivan uzgoj goveda obuhvata niz tehnoloških postupaka koji treba da omoguće kontinuiranu proizvodnju i optimalno korišćenje proizvodnih kapaciteta. U takvim uslovima novorođena telad moraju da se prilagode na različite činioce okoline, uključujući i način ishrane. U tehnologiji uzgoja teladi ishrana je u početku bazirana isključivo na ishrani kolostrumom, a potom mlekom. Nakon toga se u hranu uvode druga hraniva (seno, krmna smeša), da bi se posle tri meseca mleko potpuno isključilo iz ishrane. Kod visoko mlečnih kava metabolički poremećaji kao što su ketoza, sindrom masne jetre, puerperalna pareza, acidoza buraga, laminitis, su posledica uticaja mnogih činilaca, kao što su neizbalnsirana ishrana, loši usovi držanja i nege. Profilaksa metaboličkih poremećaja krava se obavlja ishranom koja treba da bude usklađena prema proizvodnom obroku i proizvodnoj kategoriji uz stalnu kontrolu zdravlja

Zdravstveno-reproriduktivni problemi svinja na komercijlanim farmama

It is well known that good health is a prerequisite of good pig reproduction or successful and profitable production of pig. The health status of the herd depends on many factors, such as the maintenance technology, nursing, nutrition, organization, level of staff training and the systematic implementation of health care. Today we are witnessing a large number of bacterial diseases, viral etiology and certain parasites can seriously affect the production of pigs in intensive farming. These diseases are applying prophylactic and therapeutic measures, as well as increased surveillance of professional services to keep under control. The aim of the intensive farming of pigs on commercial farms to produce a large number of weaned piglets and fattening pigs per sow per year. To achieve this goal it is necessary to establish a high reproductive efficiency of breeding animals. This can be achieved by adequate health care, modern technology and good organization of production with the use of appropriate procedures in the technology of artificial insemination. Biosecurity, welfare, good manufacturing practices and risk analysis at critical control points are very important elements in intensive pig production and using of biosecurity measures is critical to protecting the health and success of the production.Dobro zdravlje svinja predstavlja preduslov dobre reprodukcije, odnosno uspešne i profitabilne proizvodnje u svinjarstvu. Zdravstveni status stada zavisi od velikog broja činilaca , kao što su su tehnologija držanja, nege, ishrane, organizacija, stepen obučenosti kadrova kao i sistematsko sprovođenje mera zdravstvene zaštite. Danas smo svedoci da veliki broj oboljenja bakterijske,virusne etiologije kao i pojedine parazitoze mogu ozbiljno ugroziti proizvodnju svinja u intenzivnom uzgoju. Ove bolesti moguće je primenom profilaktičkih i terapeutskih mera, kao i pojačanim nadzorom stručnih službi držati pod kontrolom. Cilj intenzivne proizvodnje svinja na komercijalnim farmama je proizvesti što veći broj odbijene prasadi odnosno tovljenika po krmači godišnje. Za postizanje ovog cilja neophodno je uspostaviti visoku reproduktivnu efikasnost priplodnih životinja. To se može postići adekvatnom zdravstvenom zaštitom, savremenom tehnologijom i dobrom organizacijom proizvodnje uz primenu odgovarajućih postupaka u tehnologiji veštačkog osemenjavanja

Temperaturne vrednosti visoko-mlečnih krava u puerperijumu

In experiment we have 111dairy cows in puerperium. Dairy cows we seperated in two groups. One group are cows free of ketonuria. This is control group. Second group are cows with ketonuria. We proof very low concentranis of keton body, low concentrations of keton body (subcilinical form ketonuria +; and ++). Also, we proof concentrations of keton body (clinical form ketonuria +++). We measure rectal temperature. Our results: rectal temperatures by cows free of ketonuria are 38,9 ± 0,4°C; rectal temperature by cows with ketonuria are 39,0 ± 0,3°C (+subclinical form); 38,8 ±0.4°C (++ subclinical form); 38,6 ± 0,2°C (+++ clinical form).U ogledu smo imali ukupno 111 sveže oteljenih krava. Svako jutro u toku ogleda je vršeno dokazivanje ketonskih tela u urinu. Kod 50 krava nismo dijagnostikovali prisustvo ketonskih tela u urinu. Kod 61 krave smo dijagnostikovali prisustvo ketonskih tela u urinu. Merena je rektalna temperatura kod svake krave tri puta. Prvi put neposredno po završenom telenju, drugi put nakon 6 časova od prvog merenja i treći put nakon 12 časova od prvog merenja rektalne temperature. Rektalna temperatura kod krava kod kojih nije dijagnostikovana ketonurija je iznosila 38,9 ± 0,4°C, a kod kojih je dijagnostikovana ketonurija iznosila je 39,0 ± 0,3°C (+subklinička forma); 38,8 ±0.4°C (++subklinička forma); 38,6 ± 0,2°C. (+++klinička forma)

Corynebacterium renale cystitis kod krave - prikaz slučaja

Corynebacterium renale is a common inhabitant of the vulva, vagina and prepuce of apparently normal cattle, but also an opportunistic pathogen and the cause of cystitis and purulent pyelonephritis in cows. In this paper, we show the isolation of C. renale from the urine of cows with clinical cystitis, colonial, microscopic and biochemical characteristics of the isolates, relevant data on virulence factors, clinical manifestations of disease and basic principles of therapy.Corynebacterium renale je uobičajeni deo mikrobiota sluzokože vulve, vagine i prepucijuma klinički zdravih goveda, ali i oportunistički patogen i uzročnik cystitisa i purulentnog pyelonephritisa krava. U ovom radu prikazujemo izolaciju C. renale iz urina krave sa kliničkim cistitisom, osnovne kulturelne, mikroskopske i biohemijske karakteristike izolata, relevantne podatke o faktorima virulencije uzročnika, kliničkim manifestacijama bolesti i osnovnim principima terapije.