Occurrence and Fate of Emerging Wastewater Contaminants in Western Balkan Region

This paper reports on a comprehensive reconnaissance of over seventy individual wastewater contaminants in the region of Western Balkan (WB ; Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia), including some prominent classes of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, surfactants and their degradation products, plasticizers, pesticides, insect repellents, and flame retardants. All determinations were carried out using a multiresidue analytical approach, based on the application of gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometric detection. The results confirmed a widespread occurrence of the emerging contaminants in municipal wastewaters of the region. The most prominent contaminant classes, determined in municipal wastewaters, were those derived from aromatic surfactants, including linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEO), with the concentrations in raw wastewater reaching into the mg/l range. All other contaminants were present in much lower concentrations, rarely exceeding few μ g/l. The most abundant individual compounds belonged to several classes of pharmaceuticals (antimicrobials, analgesics and antiinflammatories, b-blockers and lipid regulators) and personal care products (fragrances). Due to the rather poor wastewater management practices in WB countries, with less than 5 % of all wastewaters being biologically treated, most of the contaminants present in wastewaters reach ambient waters and may represent a significant environmental concer

Truly form-factor–free industrially scalable system integration for electronic textile architectures with multifunctional fiber devices

Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Commission (H2020, 1D-NEON, grant agreement ID: 685758). J.M.K. and L.G.O. acknowledge the support from the U.K. Research and Innovation (EPSRC, EP/P027628/1). We thank Y. Bernstein and J. Faulkner for helping with grammar check. Funding Information: Acknowledgments Funding:ThisworkwassupportedbytheEuropeanCommission(H2020,1D-NEON,grant agreementID:685758).J.M.K.andL.G.O.acknowledgethesupportfromtheU.K.Researchand Innovation(EPSRC,EP/P027628/1).W ethankY .BernsteinandJ.Faulknerforhelpingwith grammarcheck.Authorcontributions:S.L.andJ.M.K.conceivedtheproject.S.L.,L.G.O.,P .B., R.Martins,andJ.M.K.supervisedtheproject.S.L.andH.L.developedF-PD.S.L.,Y .-W .L., G.-H.A., D.-W .S., J.I.S.,andS.C.developedF-SC.C.L.F ., A.S.,R.I.,P .B., andR.Martinsdevelopedfiber transistor.S.L.,H.L.,andS.C.developedF-LED.ThefiberdeviceswereevaluatedbyS.L.,H.W .C., D.-W .S., H.L.,S.J.,S.D.H.,S.Y .B., S.Z.,W .H.-C., Y .-H.S., X.-B.F ., T .H.L., J.-W .J., andY .K. The developmentofweavingprocesswasconductedbyS.L.,H.W .C., F .M.M., P .J., andV .G.C. Thelaser interconnectionwasdevelopedbyS.L.,H.W .C., K.U.,M.E.,andM.S.Thetextiledemonstrations werecharacterizedbyS.L.,H.W .C., D.-W .S., J.Y ., S.S.,U.E.,S.N.,A.C.,A.M.,R.Momentè,J.G.,N.D., S.M.,C.-H.K.,M.L.,A.N.,D.J.,M.C.,andY .C. ThismanuscriptwaswrittenbyS.L.andJ.M.K.and reviewed by H.W .C., D.-W .S., M.C.,L.G.O., P .B., E.F ., and G.A.J.A. All authors discussed the results andcommentedonthemanuscript.Competinginterests:Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhave nocompetinginterests.Dataandmaterialsavailability:Alldataneededtoevaluatethe conclusionsinthepaperarepresentinthepaperand/ortheSupplementaryMaterials. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved.An integrated textile electronic system is reported here, enabling a truly free form factor system via textile manufacturing integration of fiber-based electronic components. Intelligent and smart systems require freedom of form factor, unrestricted design, and unlimited scale. Initial attempts to develop conductive fibers and textile electronics failed to achieve reliable integration and performance required for industrial-scale manufacturing of technical textiles by standard weaving technologies. Here, we present a textile electronic system with functional one-dimensional devices, including fiber photodetectors (as an input device), fiber supercapacitors (as an energy storage device), fiber field-effect transistors (as an electronic driving device), and fiber quantum dot light-emitting diodes (as an output device). As a proof of concept applicable to smart homes, a textile electronic system composed of multiple functional fiber components is demonstrated, enabling luminance modulation and letter indication depending on sunlight intensity.publishersversionpublishe

Advanced sorbent materials for treatment of wastewaters

Despite the existence of a wide range of wastewater treatment technologies, sorption is still commonly applied for the purification of industrial effluents. This is particularly valid for textile industry effluents, where different techniques must be combined to achieve the optimum effect of purification. The combination of biological and physico-chemical processes results in the removal of most organic and inorganic pollutants from textile wastewater but the resulting effluent is still fairly colored and needs to be additionally treated. Therefore, an overview of conventional and advanced sorbents for the treatment of wastewaters is reported. The use of activated carbon and zeolites in color removal and removal of heavy metal ions from textile effluents is discussed in detail. The potential of low-cost or cost-effective sorbents as an alternative to the conventionally used sorbents is also underlined. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of using nanomaterials in the treatment of industrial wastewaters are highlighted

Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye CI basic Yellow 28 in water by UV-A/TiO2

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Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye CI Basic Yellow 28 in water by UV-A/TiO2

CI Basic Yellow 28 (BY28), commonly used as a textile dye, could be photocatalytically degraded using TiO2 as catalyst and irradiated by UV-A lamp (300 W). However, UV and TiO2 showed no effect on the photodegradation when they were used separately. The effect of some parameters such as initial concentration of catalyst, initial dye concentration, initial NaCl and Na2CO3 concentration, pH and presence of H2O2 on degradation rate of BY28 was examined

The efficiency of an enzyme treatment in reducing wool shrinkage

The influence of different experimental conditions, chosen according to a central rotatable plan (Box-Hunter) at three levels of treatment time, on the shrink-resistance properties of wool treated with serine proteinase Bactosol SI is investigated. The independent variables in the central rotatable design were the concentration of Bactosol SI and the pH value of the treatment bath. The percentage area shrinkage, degree of whiteness, loss of weight, and ball-penetration-resistance loss were the responses. The results showed that the enzyme concentration and the pH value of the treatment bath had a large influence on reducing the wool shrinkage and on the degree of whiteness. The treatment time also had a marked influence, mainly on changes to the mechanical characteristics of the knitted wool fabric as expressed by the loss of weight and the ball-penetration-resistance loss. An optimization diagram at a treatment time of 90 minutes and with the optimal experimental conditions of an enzyme concentration of between 4.8 and 7.2 g/L and pH values of between 8.6 and 9.75, for particular combinations, or of between 5.4 and 6.8 g/L of enzyme and pH values of between 8.75 and 9.40 for any combination, is presented. Finally, the effects obtained after enzymatic treatment were compared with the results for a Basolan DC-treated sample

Alternativni postupci pripreme vune za štampanje

The adsorbable organohalogens (AOX) loading of effluent must be set against the high efficiency of chlorination in preparing wool for printing Therefore, there have been a number of research attempts to develop alternative chlorine free treatment methods which could give the equivalent finishing results in preparing wool for printing to those obtained with the traditional chlorination. This review reports on a chemical oxidative method which presents a true alternative to chlorination. It is based on the use of hydrogen peroxide in conjunction with a tungsten salt as recyclable catalyst. Moreover, the beneficial effects of some 'dry' treatments for preparing wool on printability properties have also been reviewed.Sve strožiji ekološki propisi vezani za prisustvo organskih adsorbujućih jedinjenja hlora (AOX) u otpadnim vodama nameću potrebu za zamenom hlorovanja u pripremi vune za štampanje, uprkos velikoj efikasnosti ovog postupka. To je uslovilo razvoj novih postupaka koji mogu dati približno iste rezultate kao hlorovanje s aspekta ponašanja vune pri štampanju. Hemijski oksidacioni postupak prikazan u radu, koji se zasniva na obradi vune rastvorom vodonik-peroksida u prisustvu volframata kao katalizatora koji se može reciklovati, predstavlja stvarnu alternativu hlorovanju. Takođe, razmotreni su primeri "suvih" postupaka čijom primenom se postiže zadovoljavajuća priprema vune za štampanje

Fotodegradacija sintetske boje pomoću sunčeve svetlosti

Synthetic dyes are widely used in the textile industry. Dye pollutants from the textile industry are an important source of environmental contamination. The majority of these dyes are toxic, mostly non-biodegradable and also resistant to decomposition by physico-chemical methods. Among new oxidation methods or "advanced oxidation processes", heterogeneous photocatalysis appears as an emerging destructive technology leading to the total mineralization of many organic pollutants. CI Basic Yellow 28 (BY28), commonly used as a textile dye, could be photocatalytically degraded using TiO2 as catalyst under sunlight. The effect of some parameters such as the initial catalyst concentration, initial dye concentration, initial NaCl and Na2CO3 concentrations, pH, H2O2 and type of catalyst on the degradation rate of BY28 was examined in details. The presence of NaCl and Na2CO3 led to inhibition of the photodegradation process. The highest photodegradation rate was observed at high pH, while the rate was the lowest at low pH. Increase of the initial H2O2 concentration increased the initial BY28 photodegradation efficiency. ZnO was a better catalyst than TiO2 at low dye concentrations.Tekstilne boje i druge obojene supstance spadaju u organska jedinjenja koja predstavljaju potencijalnu opasnost za životnu sredinu. Fotodegradacija boja pri Sunčevom zračenju interesantna je pre svega zbog besplatne Sunčeve energije, kao i zbog njihove potpune mineralizacije. U radu je ispitivana fotodegradacija sintetske boje (C.I. Basic Yellow 28) u vodi u prisustvu TiO2 i ZnO kao katalizatora pri Sunčevom zračenju. Ispitan je uticaj početne koncentracije katalizatora kao i početne koncentracije boje na brzinu fotodegradacije. Proučavan je i uticaj H2O2 i pojedinih soli (NaCl i Na2CO3) Fotodegradacija boje je praćena UV/vis spektrofotometńjom