Tipos, Causas y Manifestaciones Clínicas de la Diabetes Insípida: Una Visión Integral

Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that affects the body's fluid balance due to a decrease in the production or action of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH). There are two main types of diabetes insipidus: central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency in the production or release of ADH by the pituitary gland, while nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is due to renal resistance to the action of ADH. The causes of diabetes insipidus can vary and may include tumors, head injuries, infections, kidney diseases, or medications. The most common symptoms and clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus include polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, and dehydration. Additionally, electrolyte imbalances and sleep disorders may be present in some patients. This article summarizes the manifestations of diabetes insipidus and can contribute to providing information for future research.La diabetes insípida es una enfermedad poco común que afecta el equilibrio de líquidos en el cuerpo debido a la disminución en la producción o acción de la hormona antidiurética (ADH). Se pueden distinguir dos tipos principales de diabetes insípida: la diabetes insípida central y la diabetes insípida nefrogénica. La diabetes insípida central es causada por un déficit en la producción o liberación de ADH por parte de la glándula pituitaria y la diabetes insípida nefrogénica se debe a la resistencia renal a la acción de la ADH. Las causas de la diabetes insípida pueden variar, puede ser causada por tumores, traumatismos craneales, infecciones, enfermedades renales o medicamentos. Los síntomas y manifestaciones clínicas más comunes de la diabetes insípida incluyen poliuria, polidipsia, nocturia y deshidratación, además, los desequilibrios electrolíticos y los trastornos del sueño pueden estar presentes en algunos pacientes. Este artículo resume las manifestaciones en que puede presentarse la diabetes insípida y con ello, puede contribuir en proporcionar información a futuras investigaciones

Scientific facts improve cannabis perception and public opinion: results from Sinaloa, México

Abstract Cannabis, the most prevalent drug in Latin America, has long been associated with the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, known for its cultivation and distribution. Despite increasing global acceptance, cannabis use remains stigmatized in Mexican society, driven by perceptions of it as a highly psychoactive and addictive substance lacking medicinal or industrial value. This study investigates the impact of scientific information on societal perceptions of cannabis in Sinaloa. A large convenience sample of 3162 individuals from Sinaloa participated in this research, responding to a questionnaire on cannabis consumption and attitudes. Participants were then subjected to an intervention consisting of an informative briefing based on the documents “Using Evidence to Talk About Cannabis” and “State of the Evidence: cannabis use and regulation" by the International Centre for Science in Drug Policy. After the intervention, participants' attitudes were immediately reevaluated through the same questionnaire, allowing for a comparison of pre- and post-intervention responses. The results indicate that the intervention (providing scientific information) significantly influenced attitudes toward cannabis, with education and age playing prominent roles in its effectiveness. Notably, the intervention fostered more positive or more neutral attitudes, potentially reducing stigma and promoting a better-informed perspective on cannabis. This study highlights the pivotal role of evidence in shaping informed citizens' views, while underscoring the importance of countering misinformation for societal progress. These findings have significant implications for forthcoming cannabis policy modifications in Mexico, emphasizing the necessity of engaging knowledgeable individuals in policy decisions to address the violence and inequalities associated with the illicit drug trade, particularly in Sinaloa

Clinical Predictors of Monkeypox Diagnosis: A Case-Control Study in a Nonendemic Region during the 2022 Outbreak

Monkeypox (Mpox) is an emerging zoonotic disease with the potential for severe complications. Early identification and diagnosis are essential to prompt treatment, control its spread, and reduce the risk of human-to-human transmission. This study aimed to develop a clinical diagnostic tool and describe the clinical and sociodemographic features of 19 PCR-confirmed Mpox cases during an outbreak in a nonendemic region of northwestern Mexico. The median age of patients was 35 years, and most were male. Mpox-positive patients commonly reported symptoms such as fever, lumbago, and asthenia, in addition to experiencing painful ulcers and a high frequency of HIV infection among people living with HIV (PLWH). Two diagnostic models using logistic regression were devised, with the best model exhibiting a prediction accuracy of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.8–1), a sensitivity of 0.86, and a specificity of 0.93. The high predictive values and accuracy of the top-performing model highlight its potential to significantly improve early Mpox diagnosis and treatment in clinical settings, aiding in the control of future outbreaks