20 research outputs found
Stroke in young and middle age
Autori su analizrali prevalenciju moždanog udara u grupi hospitalno lijeÄenih bolesnika (482 bolesnika), te u grupi ambulantno lijeÄenih bolesnika (104). Prema rezultatima istraživanja, u mlaÄoj životnoj dobi do 20 godina moždani udar se iznimno javlja u 0,8% sluÄajeva. Isto tako, u mladoj životnoj dobi, do 40 godina, takoÄer se javlja u relativno malom postotku. Nagli skok osjeÄa se iznad 50 godina, a najzastupljeniji je izmeÄu 61ā70. godine. BuduÄi da se moždani udar u relativno visokom postotku javlja u produktivnoj životnoj dobi (20 60 godina), u staconarno lijeÄenih bolesnika sa 39,2%, a u ambulantnih 40,4%, to ova dob kao riziÄna zahtijeva prevenciju uobiÄajenih faktora rizika: praÄenje lipidograma, hipertenzije, kardijalnih bolesti, diabetes mellitusa, a posebno znaÄenje prema miÅ”ljenju autora mogu imati psihiÄki stresogeni faktori. Autori su analizirali mortalitet u odnosu na životnu dob, te se pokazalo da je najveÄi u starijoj životnoj dobi, Å”to se i oÄekivalo. MeÄutim, u relativno visokom postotku od 31,0% javlja se u mladoj i srednjoj životnoj dobi. Ukupna smrtnost je daleko veÄa u grupi stacionarno lijeÄenih pacijenata, gdje iznosi 38,8%, kod ambulantno lijeÄenih 0,96%, Å”to je razumljivo buduÄi da se nerijetko na stacionarno lijeÄenje primaju bolesnici i u moribundnom stanju. Kako moždani dar ostavlja invaliditet, to je posebno znaÄajna incidencija bolesti u produktivnoj dobi, imajuÄi u vidu socijalno ekonomsko znaÄenje posljedica bolesti. Prevencija u ovoj životnoj dobi, koja se može smatrati riziÄnom, zahtijeva neophodnost provoÄenja sistemskih mjera prevencije u zdravoj populaciji.The authors analysed the prevalence of the stroke in the group of 482 in-patients and in the group of 104 out-patients. According to the results obtained by this study the stroke appeared to be very rare (0.8%) in the age group below 20 as well as in the group below 40 years of age. Sudden increase is observed in the group up to 50 and the highest frequency is observed between 61ā70 years. Since the stroke appears most frequently in a product ive age of life (20ā60 years) ā 39. 2% for in-patients and 40.4% for out-patients this age group sholuld beregarded as risky and it is necessary to take preventive follow-up actions (lipidogram, hypertension, cardial diseases, diabetes mellitus) and a special attention should be paid to the psychic stress situation. The authors analysed the mortality in relation to the age. It is higher in old age as it has been expected but it is also high in young and middle age (31%). Mortality was higher in the group of in-patinents (38. 8%) and lower in the group of out patients (0.96%) which is quite understandable since moribund patients with stroke are hospitalised quite offen. If we keep in mind that stroke can result in invalidity, the incidence in a productive age and social economic consequences of disease are of importance and therefore we should impose comprenhensive prevention in the healthy population
Stroke in young and middle age
Autori su analizrali prevalenciju moždanog udara u grupi hospitalno lijeÄenih bolesnika (482 bolesnika), te u grupi ambulantno lijeÄenih bolesnika (104). Prema rezultatima istraživanja, u mlaÄoj životnoj dobi do 20 godina moždani udar se iznimno javlja u 0,8% sluÄajeva. Isto tako, u mladoj životnoj dobi, do 40 godina, takoÄer se javlja u relativno malom postotku. Nagli skok osjeÄa se iznad 50 godina, a najzastupljeniji je izmeÄu 61ā70. godine. BuduÄi da se moždani udar u relativno visokom postotku javlja u produktivnoj životnoj dobi (20 60 godina), u staconarno lijeÄenih bolesnika sa 39,2%, a u ambulantnih 40,4%, to ova dob kao riziÄna zahtijeva prevenciju uobiÄajenih faktora rizika: praÄenje lipidograma, hipertenzije, kardijalnih bolesti, diabetes mellitusa, a posebno znaÄenje prema miÅ”ljenju autora mogu imati psihiÄki stresogeni faktori. Autori su analizirali mortalitet u odnosu na životnu dob, te se pokazalo da je najveÄi u starijoj životnoj dobi, Å”to se i oÄekivalo. MeÄutim, u relativno visokom postotku od 31,0% javlja se u mladoj i srednjoj životnoj dobi. Ukupna smrtnost je daleko veÄa u grupi stacionarno lijeÄenih pacijenata, gdje iznosi 38,8%, kod ambulantno lijeÄenih 0,96%, Å”to je razumljivo buduÄi da se nerijetko na stacionarno lijeÄenje primaju bolesnici i u moribundnom stanju. Kako moždani dar ostavlja invaliditet, to je posebno znaÄajna incidencija bolesti u produktivnoj dobi, imajuÄi u vidu socijalno ekonomsko znaÄenje posljedica bolesti. Prevencija u ovoj životnoj dobi, koja se može smatrati riziÄnom, zahtijeva neophodnost provoÄenja sistemskih mjera prevencije u zdravoj populaciji.The authors analysed the prevalence of the stroke in the group of 482 in-patients and in the group of 104 out-patients. According to the results obtained by this study the stroke appeared to be very rare (0.8%) in the age group below 20 as well as in the group below 40 years of age. Sudden increase is observed in the group up to 50 and the highest frequency is observed between 61ā70 years. Since the stroke appears most frequently in a product ive age of life (20ā60 years) ā 39. 2% for in-patients and 40.4% for out-patients this age group sholuld beregarded as risky and it is necessary to take preventive follow-up actions (lipidogram, hypertension, cardial diseases, diabetes mellitus) and a special attention should be paid to the psychic stress situation. The authors analysed the mortality in relation to the age. It is higher in old age as it has been expected but it is also high in young and middle age (31%). Mortality was higher in the group of in-patinents (38. 8%) and lower in the group of out patients (0.96%) which is quite understandable since moribund patients with stroke are hospitalised quite offen. If we keep in mind that stroke can result in invalidity, the incidence in a productive age and social economic consequences of disease are of importance and therefore we should impose comprenhensive prevention in the healthy population
Yield of Low Quality and Small-Sized Diameter Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Logs in Rough Dimension Stock Production
Cilj istraživanja ovog rada bio je utvrditi volumno, kvalitativno i vrijednosno iskoriÅ”tenje bukovih trupaca manjih promjera i niže kvalitete pri njihovoj obradi u grube drvne elemente i parketne daÅ”Äice. Za potrebe istraži vanja izraÄeni su bukovi trupci na lokaciji Å umskog gazdinstva āBorjaā ā Tes liÄ u Bosni i Hercegovini. Trupci su prije piljenja razvrstani u tri razreda srednjih promjera 18 do 20, 21 do 23 i 24 do 26 cm. Primarno piljenje trupaca tehnikom piljenja u cijelo, provedeno je na traÄnoj pili trupÄari. Sve dobivene piljenice raspiljene su u drvne elemente i parketne daÅ”Äice popreÄno-uzdužnim naÄinom piljenja.
Najbolje volumno iskoriÅ”tenja trupaca u obliku drvnih elemenata i parket nih daÅ”Äica postigli su trupci razreda promjera 24 do 26 cm, zatim slijede trup ci razreda promjera 21 do 23 te 18 do 20 cm sa neznatnom meÄusobnom razlikom. Rezultati pokazuju da su najkvalitetniji elementi ispiljeni iz trupaca razreda promjera 21 do 23 cm, zatim slijede trupci razreda promjera 24 do 26 te 18 do 20 cm. Najbolje rezultate vrijednosnog iskoriÅ”tenja pokazali su trupci razreda promjera 24 do 26 cm, zatim slijede trupci razreda promjera 21 do 23 te 18 do 20 cm. UtvrÄeno je da meÄu njima postoji razlika ali ona nije statisti Äki signifikantna.
OpÄenito gledavÅ”i rezultati su potvrdili neka dosadaÅ”nja istraživanja o ovoj tematici. Oni ukazuju na moguÄnost uspjeÅ”ne pilanske obrade ovakve pi lanske sirovine ako se razmatraju samo istraživani tehnoloÅ”ki Äimbenici. Pri tomu je vrlo važan pristup njenom odabiru i kvalitativnom razvrstavanju. Ta koÄer su znaÄajni i kriteriji kvalitete i dimenzija drvnih elemenata koji Äe se izraÄivati iz takve sirovine. Koliko god se to Äinilo neracionalno, trenutna si tuacija na tržiÅ”tu pilanske sirovine i proizvoda dovela je do toga da se ovakva pilanska sirovina vrlo Äesto koristi za energetske potrebe bilo kao ogrjevno drvo u svom tradicionalnom obliku ili usitnjeno u sjeÄku. Glede takvog stanja tržiÅ”ta bukovih pilanskih proizvoda u istraživanjima koja slijede, trebalo bi se viÅ”e pozabaviti uz ove istraživane tehnoloÅ”ke pokazatelje i ekonomskim poka zateljima i kriterijima uspjeÅ”nosti pilanske obrade ovakve pilanske sirovine.By agreement, and in practice sometimes without that agreement, to sawmills sometimes are delivered logs which do not fit regulations for standard saw logs. Often those logs are below standard quality or dimensions. Namely, sawmills compensate the lack of standard saw logs, in aspiration to fully use own capacities, by processing round wood with smaller dimensions; so called thin round wood. In this form of sawmill raw material, diameter dimensions and more often quality are below regulations for saw mill raw materials (sawmill logs). Diameter of thin round wood can range from 15 to 24 cm, and length can range from 2 m and above.
Apart from thin round wood, high quality stacked wood in form of split or round wood (pulpwood, fire wood, chemical conversion wood and others) can be used as input raw material. Nevertheless, that sort of raw material is infrequently used in large industrial sawmills, due to the problematic profitability of saw mill processing and unique sawmill technological basis. Considering the yield at sawing of these logs it is apparent that it is different from yield at processing of standard sawmill raw material.
Research aim of this paper was to determine volume yield, lumber value yield and log value yield of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) logs with smaller diameter and quality during their processing dimen sion stock and flooring components. The study is based on common beech trees harvested in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The object of research were beech logs divided into three groups with mid diameter ranging from 18 to 20, 21 to 23 and 24 to 26 cm (Table 1 to 3). Primary sawing of logs was performed by using live sawing technique on long band saw. All obtained sawn boards were sawn up into dimension stock and floo ring components by cross ā rip sawing method.
The best log volume yield in the form of dimension stock and flooring components showed logs with mid diameter ranging from 24 to 26 cm, followed by logs with diameter from 21 to 23 cm, and logs with diame ter from 18 to 20 cm, with mutual insignificant difference (Figure 1 and Table 8). Results show that the best quality dimension stock and flooring components were sawn from logs with mid diameter ranging from 21 to 23 cm, followed by logs with diameter from 24 to 26 cm, and logs with diameter from 18 to 20 cm (Figure 2 and Table 9) . The best log value yield results showed logs with mid diameter ranging from 24 to 26 cm, followed by logs with diameter from 21 to 23 cm, and logs with diameter from 18 to 20 cm (Figure 3 and Table 10).
The results confirmed some previous research. They indicate the possibility of successful processing of this kind of raw material regarding the research of technological criteria. In doing so, raw material selec tion and its qualitative classification is very important. Quality criteria and dimensions of dimension stock and flooring components which will be produced from that raw material are also important. In this paper the usage of three very confined diameter groups was compared. It was determined that there is slight but insignificant mutual difference. With further research it should be considered if there is any sense compa ring such confined diameter groups, namely experiments should be set so that wider diameter groups are compared. Considering the market status of beech sawmill products, more attention should be given to economic indicators and success criteria of sawmill processing of this form of sawmill raw material
Urological Diseases among 50 Composers
Exploring more than thousand composersā² pathographies we have found 50 cases of urological and renal diseases among composers. The most important cases are presented in the form of short pathographies and the others were briefly mentioned in the following list
SpecifiÄna obilježja u pedijatrijskoj traheostomiji - pregledni rad
Surgical tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure performed for emergent or expectant
airway compromise. Morbidity in the pediatric population is higher than in adults due to smaller
operating field, immaturity of tissues, anatomic specificities of the childās neck, or the presence of craniofacial
dysmorphism. The procedure varies among surgeons regarding the position of the skin incision
(vertical or horizontal), resection of the subcutaneous adipose tissue and isthmus of the thyroid gland,
use of tracheal flaps, and use of maturation or stay sutures. Both early and late complications can be
life-threatening, and include accidental decannulation, stomal plugging, bleeding, and difficult ventilating.
Consistent tracheostomal care is crucial in avoiding complications. Primary caregivers must be
included and educated about proper stomal care. Decannulation failures are common. Prerequisites for
safe decannulation include non-dependence on mechanical ventilation and no recent aspiration events,
positive endoscopic airway assessment, and successful daytime capping. The role of polysomnography
in decannulation protocols is debated. Although seldom performed, tracheostomy is the procedure of
choice in a selected group of pediatric patients. The risks and benefits of the procedure must be weighed
for each patient. The education of medical personnel and caregivers is key to reducing serious complications.KirurŔka traheotomija je postupak kojim se osigurava diŔni put kompromitiran uslijed infektivnih bolesti, traume, tumora
ili anomalija diÅ”nih putova. Pobol je veÄi u pedijatrijskoj populaciji zbog malog operativnog polja, nezrelosti tkiva,
anatomskih specifiÄnosti ili prisutnosti kraniofacijalnih dismorfizama. Procedura varira izmeÄu kirurga. Ne postoji usuglaÅ”eni
stav oko pozicije kožne incizije, resekcije supkutanog masnog tkiva i istmusa Å”titnjaÄe, upotrebe trahealnih režnjeva
ili maturacijskih Å”ava. I rane i kasne komplikacije mogu biti životno ugrožavajuÄe. NajÄeÅ”Äe su nenamjerna dekanulacija,
zaÄepljenje traheostome sluznim Äepovima, krvarenje ili otežana ventilacija. Stalna briga o traheostomi je kljuÄna u sprjeÄavanju
komplikacija. Skrbnici moraju biti ukljuÄeni i obrazovani o pravilnoj njezi stome. Neuspjele dekanilacije su Äeste.
Preduvjeti za pokuÅ”aj dekanilacije su neovisnost o mehaniÄkoj ventilaciji, endoskopski pregled diÅ”nih putova i toleriranje
zaÄepljene kanile tijekom dana. Upotreba polisomnografije u dekanilacijskom protokolu nije uÅ”la u Å”iroku primjenu. Iako se
rijetko izvodi, traheostomija je postupak izbora za zbrinjavanje diÅ”nog puta u odreÄenim skupinama pedijatrijskih bolesnika.
Prednosti i nedostatci moraju se razmotriti za svaki pojedini sluÄaj. Izobrazba medicinskog osoblja i skrbnika je kljuÄna za
smanjenje broja ozbiljnih komplikacija
Mortality due to head and neck war wounds encountered in Slavonski Brod hospital during the 1991 - 1992 war in Croatia
Ukupno je u OpÄoj bolnici āDr. Josip BenÄeviÄā u Slavonskom Brodu, registrirano 7.720 osoba (vojnika i civila) sa ratnim ozljedama u periodu od 01. 07. 1991. do 01. 01. 1993. godine. Pri tom je zaprimljeno i lijeÄeno 7.043 ranjenika, a u Službi za sudsku medicinu pregledano je 677 (8,8%) poginulih bez medicinske pomoÄi (engl. killed in action, KIA). Tada je zabilježeno 1.456 (18,9%) osoba (1.176 vojnika i 280 civila) sa ratnim ozljedama glave i vrata. Znakovito je da je viÅ”e umrlih osoba bez pružene medicinske pomoÄi sa ratnim ozljedama glave i vrata (271 ili 40,0%) u odnosu na osobe sa ozljedama prsnog koÅ”a (163 ili 24,1%, p0.05). No significant differences were observed between soldiers and civilians with head and neck injuries, either in KIA (205/1,176 or 17.4% vs. 66/280 or 23.5% respectively) or DOW group (51/971 or 5.3% vs. 10/214 or 4.7%, respectively). According to the mechanism of head and neck wounding, there were 1,046/1,456 (71.9%) explosive, 226 (15.5%) gunshot, and 184 (12.6%) other wounds. Lethal outcome was significantly more common in gunshot than in explosive wounds (79/226 or 35.0% vs. 243/1,046 or 23.2%; pcO.Ol). The proportion of head and neck injuries did not differ significantly from literature reports on recent conventional wars. The site of wounding, i.e. at the battlefield or elsewhere, had no impact on the prognosis in war wounds to the head and neck. Gunshot head and neck injuries showed a significantly higher mortality rate
Audit procedures and performance assessment of KTD Vodovod Žrnovnica d.o.o. in the period of 2012-2015.
Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je sustavno prikazati poslovanje KTD Vodovod Žrnovnica d.o.o. u razdoblju od 2012. godine do 2015. godine kroz revizijska i financijska izvjeÅ”Äa. Revizija je od velike važnosti u svakom poduzeÄu jer pridonosi efektivnom ostvarenju poslovnog uspjeha i svodi rizik poslovanja na minimum. PraÄenje i ocjenjivanje poslovanja i poslovnog rezultata od velike je važnosti za menadžment, vlasnike, dioniÄare i za sve ostale koji sudjeluju u poslovanju poduzeÄa. Komunalna poduzeÄa koja osnivaju jedinice lokalne samouprave podliježu reviziji jer se financiraju iz proraÄuna države. U sklopu rada prikazan je primjer poduzeÄa KTD Vodovod Žrnovnica d.o.o. u kojem su istražene i analizirane znaÄajke poslovanja radi utvrÄivanja prikazuju li revizijski i financijski izvjeÅ”taji uspjeÅ”nost poslovanja u analiziranom razdoblju. Razlog potrebe za ocjenjivanjem poslovanja nameÄe se u svrhu kontinuiranog poveÄanja uspjeÅ”nosti poslovanja. Važnost primjene kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih pokazatelja je u tome Å”to predstavljaju temelj za donoÅ”enje odluka kod menadžmenta. Da bi komunalna poduzeÄa dugoroÄno opstala moraju imati razraÄeni plan razvoja poduzeÄa i plan poboljÅ”anja usluga u uvjetima tržiÅ”nog gospodarstva. Na kraju rada utvrÄeno je koliko je uspjeÅ”no poslovanje promatranog poduzeÄa