A Holocene paleoenvironmental record based on ungulate stable isotopes from Lukenya Hill, Kenya

Investigating the development of Holocene behavioral adaptations requires knowing how and why different human groups are distributed on the landscape. An expanded dataset of site-specific environmental and habitat reconstructions from eastern Africa are crucial contextual components necessary for pushing this line of inquiry forward. This paper provides localized paleoenvironmental data from Holocene deposits at the multi-site Lukenya Hill archaeological complex on the Athi-Kapiti Plains of Kenya. Lukenya Hill preserves two temporal units, an early-mid Holocene (~9.0–4.6 ka) and a late Holocene (~2.3–1.2 ka), which span the end of the African Humid Period and the onset of late Holocene aridification. Carbon isotope analysis of herbivore tooth enamel (n = 22) indicates an increase in open grasslands over time with the early-mid Holocene having a woodier signal than the late Holocene and Recent populations in the Athi ecosystem. This pattern deviates from local environmental sequences in the Lake Victoria and Lake Turkana basins, providing additional evidence of heterogeneous habitat conditions during the Holocene of eastern Africa. The expansion of locally specific paleoecological datasets in eastern Africa allows for an examination of the role climate and ecology played in human economic and behavioral development during the Holocene.Accepted manuscrip

Counting fixed points and rooted closed walks of the singular map x↦xxnx \mapsto x^{x^n} modulo powers of a prime

The "self-power" map $x \mapsto x^x$ modulo $m$ and its generalized form $x \mapsto x^{x^n}$ modulo $m$ are of considerable interest for both theoretical reasons and for potential applications to cryptography. In this paper, we use $p$-adic methods, primarily $p$-adic interpolation, Hensel's lemma, and lifting singular points modulo $p$, to count fixed points and rooted closed walks of equations related to these maps when $m$ is a prime power. In particular, we introduce a new technique for lifting singular solutions of several congruences in several unknowns using the left kernel of the Jacobian matrix.Comment: 18 pages. Version 2 shortens proofs, reduces redundancy, and introduces new technique for counting rooted closed walks. Version 3 updates title to agree with journal publicatio

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENT BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS SATISFACTION AND TRUANCY

In spite of intense efforts to reduce student truancy, the prevalence of truancy at the high school level has remained consistent. The body of knowledge exploring truancy has identified myriad correlational relationships with truancy. The extant literature tends to focus on providing data to support how truancy is related to other abhorrent behaviors and undesirable life outcomes. However, little evidence has been presented with regard to the mechanisms underlying why students skip class. Many of these studies operationalize truancy as entire days of school missed without the knowledge or consent of their parents. Few studies have operationalized truancy to include individual sections of class skipped after a student has arrived to school. Few studies have examined truancy through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. The study of truancy through the lens of Self-Determination Theory may help to provide evidence for the mechanisms behind why students are motivated to attend class or not. The purpose of this study was to conduct an initial empirical investigation into the relationship between student perceptions of basic psychological need satisfaction or frustration and truancy. A randomly selected group of 10th, 11th, and 12th grade students from a large comprehensive urban high school participated in a school climate survey. Self-reported student perception data garnered from the climate survey and district administrative attendance data were utilized. Spearman’s rho correlational and negative binomial regression analyses were employed to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between student psychological needs and truancy. Results of the analysis indicated class truancy to be highly prevalent overall and across all measured student subgroup categories. While no significant associations were found between the focal variables and truancy, several interesting findings were presented

A Farm Building Evaluation Technique for Tax Assessment

The purpose of this study is to develop a technique which may be used to improve farm buildings assessment procedures in South Dakota, Since farm buildings contribute in varying amounts to farm productivity, they should be assessed in direct proportion to their contribution. Such a procedure should aid tax assessors to determine accurately the true valuation. The specific objectives of the study were (1) to determine the relationship between market price and soil productivity for use in assessment of farm real estate; (2) to establish a ratio of the market value of buildings to land; and (3) to develop a technique for assessment of farm buildings based on relative soil productivity and differences in market price of improved and unimproved farm real estate. The study is designed to facilitate in equalizing tax assessments between farms within a county. As the procedure is adopted in other counties, it will help to equalize assessments between counties

Letter from Joshua Robinson to James B. Finley

Robinson asks Finley to let Thomas Bruton know that things are progressing favorably in his case. He has written and received several letters from prominent men in Ohio concerning Bruton\u27s possible pardon. He is planning to visit Governor Bebb in person with these letters. He asks Finley to contact Rev. Granville Moody and the mayor of Cincinnati for letters. Abstract Number - 1113https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/2097/thumbnail.jp

A Farm Building Evaluation Technique for Tax Assessment

The purpose of this study is to develop a technique which may be used to imporove farm buildings assessment procedures in South Dakota. Since farm buildings assessment procedures in South Dakota. Since farm buildings contribute in varying amounts to farm productivity, they should be assessed in direct proportion to their contribution. Such a procedure should aid tax assessors to determine accurately the true valuation. The specific objectives of the study were (1) to determine the relationship between market price and soil productivity for use in assessment of farm real estate; (2) to establish a ratio of the market value of buildings based on relative soil productivity and differences in market price of improved and unimproved farm real estate. The study is designed to facilitate in equalizing tax assessments between farms within a county. As the procedure is adopted in other counties, it will help to equalize assessments between counties