Forum: Some misconceptions about the revocation of work passes

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An end-to-end framework for real-time automatic sleep stage classification.

Sleep staging is a fundamental but time consuming process in any sleep laboratory. To greatly speed up sleep staging without compromising accuracy, we developed a novel framework for performing real-time automatic sleep stage classification. The client-server architecture adopted here provides an end-to-end solution for anonymizing and efficiently transporting polysomnography data from the client to the server and for receiving sleep stages in an interoperable fashion. The framework intelligently partitions the sleep staging task between the client and server in a way that multiple low-end clients can work with one server, and can be deployed both locally as well as over the cloud. The framework was tested on four datasets comprising ≈1700 polysomnography records (≈12000 hr of recordings) collected from adolescents, young, and old adults, involving healthy persons as well as those with medical conditions. We used two independent validation datasets: one comprising patients from a sleep disorders clinic and the other incorporating patients with Parkinson's disease. Using this system, an entire night's sleep was staged with an accuracy on par with expert human scorers but much faster (≈5 s compared with 30-60 min). To illustrate the utility of such real-time sleep staging, we used it to facilitate the automatic delivery of acoustic stimuli at targeted phase of slow-sleep oscillations to enhance slow-wave sleep

Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae)

A molecular phylogeny is presented for 25 newly sequenced specimens of Gastropteridae. The present phylogeny was estimated by analysing the nuclear fragment 28S and two mitochondrial fragments cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 16S using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The distinctness of eight new species of Gastropteridae is supported by the molecular phylogeny and by subsequent Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis. Morphological data also support the distinctness of these species. The following species are described here: Gastropteron minutum Ong and Gosliner sp. nov., Gastropteron multo Ong and Gosliner sp. nov., Sagaminopteron multimaculatum Ong and Gosliner sp. nov., Siphopteron vermiculum Ong and Gosliner sp. nov., Siphopteron flavolineatum Ong and Gosliner sp. nov., Siphopteron nakakatuwa Ong and Gosliner sp. nov., Siphopteron makisig Ong and Gosliner sp. nov. and Siphopteron dumbo Ong and Gosliner sp. nov. All of these species, spanning much of the phylogenetic tree of Gastropteridae, are found in a single, highly diverse region of the Philippines, the Verde Island Passage. These data support the hypothesis that this region is an area of high species richness as well as phyletic diversity. This study also supports strong correlation between morphological characters and the molecular phylogeny within the species of Siphopteron. Molecular studies also indicate the distinctness of specimens of Siphopteron quadrispinosum from Hawaii and those from the western Pacific. Western Pacific specimens should be regarded as Siphopteron leah. Siphopteron pohnpei is transferred to Sagaminopteron based on the molecular phylogeny. Other species complexes indicating the presence of geographically separated cryptic species indicate that further detailed study of this group is warranted and that hidden diversity is likely to increase with additional study