Non-Markovian memory in IBMQX4

We measure and quantify non-Markovian effects in IBM's Quantum Experience. Specifically, we analyze the temporal correlations in a sequence of gates by characterizing the performance of a gate conditioned on the gate that preceded it. With this method, we estimate (i) the size of fluctuations in the performance of a gate, i.e., errors due to non-Markovianity; (ii) the length of the memory; and (iii) the total size of the memory. Our results strongly indicate the presence of non-trivial non-Markovian effects in almost all gates in the universal set. However, based on our findings, we discuss the potential for cleaner computation by adequately accounting the non-Markovian nature of the machine.Comment: 8 page

A proof of Ryser's circulant Hadamard conjecture

We show that an $n\times n$ circulant Hadamard matrix must satisfy a family of congruence equations that have solutions only when $n \leq 4$, proving Ryser's 1963 conjecture that no such matrices exist for $n>4$.Comment: 4 pages, comments welcom

Behavior of Pollinators That Share Two Co-Flowering Wetland Plant Species

Abstract: Intermixed, co-flowering plant species often attract the same pollinators and may therefore compete for pollinator visits. Mimulus ringens and Verbena hastata are sympatric wetland plants that flower in synchrony and share many pollinators, the most common being bumblebees. The possibility of competition between these two plant species led to this observational study tracking pollinator movements in an area intermixed with both M. ringens and V. hastata. We identified pollinator species and tracked them as they visited flowers and moved from plant to plant. Smaller bees seemed to prefer the smaller flowers present on the V. hastata, and the larger bees frequently visited M. ringens. Interspecific moves were highly limited, 4.7% of total moves observed by most abundant pollinators. Therefore, the intermixing of M. ringens and V. hastata appears to have a neutral effect on each other and should not affect reproductive success. This neutral effect could be due to different foraging behavior due to differing floral morphologies, heights, colors, or even pollinator reward

The Army Chaplain as Counselor: An Exploration of Self-Reflexivity and Denominational Particularities

Army chaplain reflects on his experience of providing spiritual care while serving in the Army

The Many Worlds Of American Communism

This dissertation examines the American Communist movement between 1928 and 1957 by dividing up sources into worlds of activity, such as political work, labor organizing, and community organizing, and examining the multiple forms of engagement and experience by individuals’ part of a social movement. My research demonstrates that a social movement such as advocating radical political change in the United States can take on a wide variety of forms and can mean different things to different people based on where they came from, how they got involved in the movement and what they directly contributed to that movement. For example, examining the political side of communist work during this period, one finds a highly ideological and hierarchical movement with three primary points of entry: the Communist Party of the United States, the Communist League of America, and the Communist Party (Opposition). If one, however, examines the work of communists organizing in their communities against racism, they will find the ideological element is outweighed by the considerations of what grassroots organizers found practical and useful

TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM OLEH PRODUSEN TERHADAP KERUSAKAN BARANG YANG DIKONSUMSI KONSUMEN

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tanggung jawab produsen-pelaku usaha dalam hubungannya dengan perlindungan konsumen dan bagaimana tanggung jawab hukum oleh produsen terhadap kerusakan barang yang dikonsumsi konsumen. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Tanggung jawab produsen-pelaku usaha atas timbulnya kerugian pada pihak konsumen sebagai akibat dari produknya, baik kerugian materiil maupun imateriil yang diderita konsumen akibat memakai atau mengonsumsi produk yang cacat yang dihasilkan dan atau diperdagangkan produsen-pelaku usaha. Tanggung jawab produk dan perlindungan konsumen merupakan dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan, tetapi hanya dapat dibedakan, dimana tanggung jawab produk merupakan sebagian dari cakupan pengertian perlindungan konsumen. Pelaku usaha, Konsumen, Produk dan standardisasi produk, peran Pemerintah dan Klausula baku adalah istilah yang perlu diketahui dan disamakan persepsinya dalam kaitannya dengan perlindungan konsumen. 2. Tanggung jawab hukum oleh pelaku usaha terhadap kerusakan barang yang dikonsumsi oleh konsumen berdasarkan Pasal 19 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999, adalah memberikan ganti rugi berupa pengembalian uang atau penggantian barang dan/atau jasa setara nilainya, atau perawatan kesehatan dan atau pemberian santunan yang sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, pemberian ganti rugi dilaksanakan dalam tenggang waktu 7 (tujuh) hari setelah tanggal transaksi, pemberian ganti rugi tidak menghapuskan adanya tuntutan pidana berdasarkan pembuktian lebih lanjut mengenai adanya unsur kesalahan dan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat 1 dan 2 tidak berlaku apabila pelaku usaha dapat membuktikan bahwa kesalahan tersebut merupakan kesalahan konsumen.Kata kunci: Tanggung Jawab Hukum, Produsen,Kerusakan Barang, Dikonsumsi Konsume

Child & adolescent social anxiety and family accommodation : exploring the role of coping

Research demonstrates that family accommodation is positively correlated with the severity of childhood anxiety. This finding is particularly interesting in the case of social anxiety, due to the role of the caregiver in the psychogenesis of the disorder. The prevalence of effective coping strategies is important in the mitigation of stress during childhood. Therefore, due to the need for effective parent modeling to acquire these strategies, it is hypothesized that higher levels of family accommodation reduce opportunities to acquire coping, which then results in more severe social anxiety. The proposed study seeks to use multiple regression to evaluate childhood coping skills as a mediator variable between family accommodation and the severity of social anxiety.Educational Psycholog

Quantifying internal electric fields in organic bulk heterojunctions

textRenewable forms of energy are becoming increasingly important as the world quickly depletes its current energy reserves, and rapidly increases the concentration of pollutants in our environment. Solar technology based on organic semiconductors provides a promising candidate to fulfill a portion of our future energy needs in an environmentally sustainable manner. Organic semiconductors are a collection of pi-conjugated small molecules and polymers which can be implemented in photovoltaic cells that are potentially quite low cost. Currently, however, their commercial applications are limited due to a relatively low efficiency in converting sunlight into usable power. The fundamental physics of such devices must be clarified if these materials are to compete with traditional inorganic solar cells. In this dissertation, two emerging experimental tools are implemented in investigations of the internal electric fields present within operating organic photovoltaic cells. The first set of investigations utilizes the vibrational Stark effect to quantify the electric fields which often form at the interfaces between two organic semiconducting materials. Such interfaces are at the heart of the photocurrent generation process in these devices and any electric fields formed crucially alter device performance. We quantitatively determine the interfacial field present in blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and show that this field depends strongly on annealing conditions. Finally we discuss a correlation between this interfacial electric field, crystalinity and device performance. The second set of investigations take advantage of electric field induced second harmonic generation microscopy to examine the electric potential across active organic solar cells. We again investigate blends of PCBM and P3HT as well as poly(4,4-dioctyldithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl) (PSBTBT) and PCBM. In the former we find that the potential drop across the device shifts dramatically over time under illumination, while in the latter we find a nearly linear drop which remains constant through device operation. We then extend our examinations of PSBTBT:PCBM with EFISH by quantifying the extent of space charge accumulation throughout such devices.Chemistr

The Cost of Legal Restrictions on Experience Rating

We investigate the cost of legal restrictions on experience rating in auto and home insurance. The cost is an opportunity cost as experience rating can mitigate the problems associated with unobserved heterogeneity in claim risk, including mispriced coverage and resulting demand distortions. We assess this cost through a counterfactual analysis in which we explore how risk predictions, premiums, and demand in home insurance and two lines of auto insurance would respond to unrestricted multiline experience rating. Using claims data from a large sample of households, we first estimate the variance-covariance matrix of unobserved heterogeneity in claim risk. We then show that conditioning on claims experience leads to material refinements of predicted claim rates. Lastly, we assess how the households’ demand for coverage would respond to multiline experience rating. We find that the demand response would be large