Deforestation rates in the Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia states according to INPE, 2013 [13].

<p>Deforestation rates since 1988 (ha yr⁻¹) in the Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia states according to the data reported by INPE, 2013 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0104144#pone.0104144-INPE1" target="_blank">[13]</a>.</p

Proportion of the area with secondary forest (SF) as a function of the number of years following the onset of SF for the three classes of age of secondary forest.

<p>Proportion of the area with secondary forest (SF) as a function of the number of years following the onset of SF for the three classes of age of secondary forest (ASF) in A) Manaus, B) Santarém, and C) Machadinho d’Oeste: initial, ≤5 years; intermediate, 6–15 years; advanced, ≥16 years.</p

Summary of deforestation and regrowth rates between consecutive dates in the Santarém time-series (MF – mature forest; SF – secondary forest).

<p>Summary of deforestation and regrowth rates between consecutive dates in the Santarém time-series (MF – mature forest; SF – secondary forest).</p

Summary of deforestation and regrowth rates between consecutive dates in the Machadinho d’Oeste time-series (MF – mature forest; SF – secondary forest).

<p>Summary of deforestation and regrowth rates between consecutive dates in the Machadinho d’Oeste time-series (MF – mature forest; SF – secondary forest).</p

An assessment of the dynamics of land use at Manaus, Santarém and Machadinho d’Oeste (figures in brackets represent the number of years).

<p>An assessment of the dynamics of land use at Manaus, Santarém and Machadinho d’Oeste (figures in brackets represent the number of years).</p

Error matrix obtained from the accuracy assessment of the 2007 land cover map of the Manaus site (MF – mature forest, NF – non-forest, SF – secondary forest).

<p>The overall accuracy was 0.930.</p

Classes of age of secondary forest, period of active land use, and frequency of clearance for the three sites.

<p>Classes of A) age of secondary forest (ASF), B) period of active land use (PALU), and C) frequency of clearance (FC) for the three sites, as a proportion of the area with secondary forest (SF) in the last date of the time-series. The proportion of the area with SF in the first class of PALU (≤2 years) in the Santarém site includes a small proportion (1.5%) corresponding to areas of SF persisting in all dates of the time-series. The proportion of the area with SF in the first class of FC (1x) in Manaus, Santarém and Machadinho d’Oeste includes a small percentage (0.1%, 1.6%, 0.1%, respectively) corresponding to those cases where non-forest (NF) was observed in the first date of the time-series and no clearance has occurred (i.e., the only transition was from NF to SF).</p

Proportion of the area with secondary forest (SF) as a function of the number of years following the onset of SF for the three classes of period of active land use.

<p>Proportion of the area with secondary forest (SF) as a function of the number of years following the onset of SF for the three classes of period of active land use (PALU) in A) Manaus, B) Santarém, and C) Machadinho d’Oeste: short, ≤2 years; medium, 3–4 years; long, ≥5 years.</p

Location of the three study sites.

<p>Location of the three study sites: Manaus, Santarém and Machadinho d’Oeste (M. d’Oeste), and the insertion (bottom left) of the Brazilian Legal Amazon (dark grey) in Brazil (light grey) and South American continent. Also shown are the major rivers included in the Amazon basin.</p

Error matrix obtained from the accuracy assessment of the 2010 land cover map of the Machadinho d’Oeste site (MF – mature forest, NF – non-forest, SF – secondary forest).

<p>The overall accuracy was 0.90.</p