AN ATYPICAL NORTHERN TOWN: WHY WAS THE KEIGHLEY INDEPENDENT LABOUR PARTY (ILP) UNABLE TO GAIN AN MP UNTIL 1922?

Whilst Keighley was not a particularly remarkable town in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it was amongst a small group of towns that played first-hand witness to one of the most significant events in modern British political history- the rise of Labour and the decline of the Liberals. In contrast to other similar areas, however, Keighley- an old West Yorkshire mill town- saw a much more gradual Labour growth and Liberal slide. So why was this? Well, despite the occurrence of some inciting incidents, which may have alienated some Liberal supporters in the late nineteenth century, the Party retained a solid infrastructure across the town that would take years to degrade, including: a supportive local newspaper, a large amount of name recognition and a supportive class of influential industrialists. The Keighley ILP, on the other hand, began with little more than its enthusiasm and members in the 1890s. Whilst Keighley would ultimately prove to be rather fertile grounds for an ILP, it would take the organisation a number of decades to build the necessary recognition and campaigning infrastructure that it required to attain sustainable success. All the while, the Party contended with a series of internal and external pressures. The victim of Liberal attacks throughout the 1890s, 1900s and 1910s, the Keighley ILP seemed to be on course for some success prior to First World War. The unprecedented speed and scale at which this success would come, however, could not have been foreseen, but for the initial collapse of the Liberal Party as a result of the conflict. This was a collapse which was compounded, but not confirmed, by the extension of the franchise and emergence of a new political philosophy

The Effects of Omitting-Then-Revealing Product Attribute Information: an Information Revelation Effect

Three experiments investigate the evaluative effect of revealing previously omitted information. In short, attributes were weighed more heavily when omitted-then-revealed (versus not omitted). Additionally, this revelation effect was mediated by changes in affect toward the product and bounded to those open (versus resistant) to change. The implications are discussed

An Amplification Perspective on Attitude Certainty

Past research suggests that becoming more certain of an attitude strengthens that attitude, making it more resistant to persuasion and more predictive of behavior. The current research challenges this view of attitude certainty, suggesting that certainty can strengthen or weaken attitudes depending on their underlying ambivalence. In several experiments, we demonstrate that increasing attitude certainty strengthens attitudes (makes them more resistant and more predictive of behavior) when attitudes are univalent, but weakens attitudes (makes them less resistant and less predictive of behavior) when attitudes are ambivalent. [to cite]

Why We Decide Not to Decide? Decision Avoidance As a Means of Cognitive Closure

We propose decision avoidance is a collection of choice strategies motivated by the need for cognitive closure. This need, driven by the bothersome nature of a decision, offers a novel mechanism for decision avoidance effects and novel hypotheses regarding individuals' reliance on decision avoidance as a choice strategy

Druggable proteins influencing cardiac structure and function: Implications for heart failure therapies and cancer cardiotoxicity

Dysfunction of either the right or left ventricle can lead to heart failure (HF) and subsequent morbidity and mortality. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 16 cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging measurements of biventricular function and structure. Cis-Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to identify plasma proteins associating with CMR traits as well as with any of the following cardiac outcomes: HF, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), atrial fibrillation, or coronary heart disease. In total, 33 plasma proteins were prioritized, including repurposing candidates for DCM and/or HF: IL18R (providing indirect evidence for IL18), I17RA, GPC5, LAMC2, PA2GA, CD33, and SLAF7. In addition, 13 of the 25 druggable proteins (52%; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.72) could be mapped to compounds with known oncological indications or side effects. These findings provide leads to facilitate drug development for cardiac disease and suggest that cardiotoxicities of several cancer treatments might represent mechanism-based adverse effects

A Szemeredi-Trotter type theorem in R4\mathbb{R}^4

We show that $m$ points and $n$ two-dimensional algebraic surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^4$ can have at most $O(m^{\frac{k}{2k-1}}n^{\frac{2k-2}{2k-1}}+m+n)$ incidences, provided that the algebraic surfaces behave like pseudoflats with $k$ degrees of freedom, and that $m\leq n^{\frac{2k+2}{3k}}$. As a special case, we obtain a Szemer\'edi-Trotter type theorem for 2--planes in $\mathbb{R}^4$, provided $m\leq n$ and the planes intersect transversely. As a further special case, we obtain a Szemer\'edi-Trotter type theorem for complex lines in $\mathbb{C}^2$ with no restrictions on $m$ and $n$ (this theorem was originally proved by T\'oth using a different method). As a third special case, we obtain a Szemer\'edi-Trotter type theorem for complex unit circles in $\mathbb{C}^2$. We obtain our results by combining several tools, including a two-level analogue of the discrete polynomial partitioning theorem and the crossing lemma.Comment: 50 pages. V3: final version. To appear in Discrete and Computational Geometr

White Paper: Exoplanetary Microlensing from the Ground in the 2020s

Microlensing can access planet populations that no other method can probe: cold wide-orbit planets beyond the snow line, planets in both the Galactic bulge and disk, and free floating planets (FFPs). The demographics of each population will provide unique constraints on planet formation. Over the past 5 years, U.S. microlensing campaigns with Spitzer and UKIRT have provided a powerful complement to international ground-based microlensing surveys, with major breakthroughs in parallax measurements and probing new regions of the Galaxy. The scientific vitality of these projects has also promoted the development of the U.S. microlensing community. In the 2020s, the U.S. can continue to play a major role in ground-based microlensing by leveraging U.S. assets to complement ongoing ground-based international surveys. LSST and UKIRT microlensing surveys would probe vast regions of the Galaxy, where planets form under drastically different conditions. Moreover, while ground-based surveys will measure the planet mass-ratio function beyond the snow line, adaptive optics (AO) observations with ELTs would turn all of these mass ratios into masses and also distinguish between very wide-orbit planets and genuine FFPs. To the extent possible, cooperation of U.S. scientists with international surveys should also be encouraged and supported

Core components of a rehabilitation program in pediatric cardiac disease

There is increasing effort in both the inpatient and outpatient setting to improve care, function, and quality of life for children with congenital heart disease, and to decrease complications. As the mortality rates of surgical procedures for congenital heart disease decrease, improvement in perioperative morbidity and quality of life have become key metrics of quality of care. Quality of life and function in patients with congenital heart disease can be affected by multiple factors: the underlying heart condition, cardiac surgery, complications, and medical treatment. Some of the functional areas affected are motor abilities, exercise capacity, feeding, speech, cognition, and psychosocial adjustment. Rehabilitation interventions aim to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life for those with physical impairments or disabilities. Interventions such as exercise training have been extensively evaluated in adults with acquired heart disease, and rehabilitation interventions for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease have similar potential to improve perioperative morbidity and quality of life. However, literature regarding the pediatric population is limited. We have gathered a multidisciplinary team of experts from major institutions to create evidence- and practice-based guidelines for pediatric cardiac rehabilitation programs in both inpatient and outpatient settings. To improve the quality of life of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, we propose the use of individualized multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs that include: medical management; neuropsychology; nursing care; rehabilitation equipment; physical, occupational, speech, and feeding therapies; and exercise training