A cross sectional study to assess the effects of unsupervised use of illegal over the counter pill for medical termination of pregnancy a cosmopolitan city of Central India

Background: In India, lack of awareness about the potential adverse effects of medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) pills and their easy over the counter illegal availability facilitates unsupervised usage. The objective of the study was to analyze the percentage of cases of incomplete abortion associated with unsupervised use of illegal over the counter MTP pill.Methods: This cross sectional observational study is conducted at tertiary level medical college Indore, India, from January 2011 till December 2011. Data of all patients who came during this duration for MTP, D and C for incomplete abortion/retained product of conception or with complications of medical abortion was analyzed prospectively.Results: Total 45 MTP and 60 D and C for incomplete abortion/retained products occurred in year 2011 out of which 44.44% of MTP were done for patients who had received medical abortion pills but not aborted. A staggering 80% of these patients received the pill over the counter without the prescription of the doctor. 61% of D and C performed were for incomplete abortion occurring due to medical abortion pills which were received over the counter. Three percent of the D and C were septic abortions out of which none was following instrumentation but all were following unprescribed medical abortion. Only 1.7% MTP was due to contraception failure, and the rest were due to unwanted pregnancy. 57.77 % women accepted post MTP contraception.Conclusions: Majority of patients who underwent MTP and D and C in this study have received over the counter pills for medical termination of pregnancy before seeking medical advice. Contraception acceptance remains the same. Over the counter availability of medical methods for termination of pregnancy represents a significant public health problem. Administrative measures, media publicity for and reduced cost of methods of contraception, strict legal rules for prescription and sale of medical methods of pregnancy termination is warranted

A cross sectional study to assess the need of urodynamic studies in lower urinary tract patients attending an urogynaecology clinic

Background: Urodynamic studies are gold standard to objectively diagnose lower urinary tract symptoms and dysfunction Aims and Objectives: To correlate clinical symptoms of lower urinary tract with urodynamic study to know whether urodynamics is really required routinely in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Methods: The study was conducted at Century hospital Hyderabad and Dr Lalitha’s urogynaecology clinic Hyderabad, India during 15 days; from 2 September 2015 till 16 September 2015 with 48 patients. All cases coming to urogynaecology clinic who were taken up for urodynamic study were included. Statistical analysis was done by  student’s t test with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Total patients with urinary frequency were 13 out of which 7 (53.84%) had cystometric capacity of less than 200ml. Out of 16 patients with urgency and urge incontinence 10 (62.50%) had high detrussor pressure during voiding. 50% patients had max cystometric capacity <200ml. Out of 7 patients with SUI (stress urinary incontinence) only one had genuine stress incontinence; all oth-ers had mixed incontinence with either raised EMG or raised Pdet. Out of 15 patients with com-plaints of voiding dysfunction 14 (93.33%) had low flow rate that is Qmax <15ml/sec. Out of 15 patients 2 had features of DSD (detrussor sphincter dyssynergia). Total 6 patients had raised EMG as cause for difficult voiding.Conclusions: Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia as a cause of dysfunctional voiding is diagnosed using urodynamic study with EMG. Urodynamic study is important and useful tool to evaluate female lower urinary tract symptoms and unnecessary delay in doing a detailed urodynamics should be avoided

Automated error correction in superdense coding, with implementation on superconducting quantum computer

Construction of a fault-tolerant quantum computer remains a challenging problem due to unavoidable noise in quantum states and the fragility of quantum entanglement. However, most of the error-correcting codes increases the complexity of the algorithms, thereby decreasing any quantum advantage. Here we present a task-specific error-correction technique that provides a complete protection over a restricted set of quantum states. Specifically, we give an automated error correction in Superdense Coding algorithms utilizing n-qubit generalized Bell states. At its core, it is based on non-destructive discrimination method of Bell states involving measurements on ancilla qubits (phase and parity ancilla). The algorithm is shown to be distributable and can be distributed to any set of parties sharing orthogonal states. Automated refers to experimentally implementing the algorithm in a quantum computer by utilizing unitary operators with no measurements in between and thus without the need for outside intervention. We also experimentally realize our automated error correction technique for three different types of superdense coding algorithm on a 7-qubit superconducting IBM quantum computer and also on a 27-qubit quantum simulator in the presence of noise. Probability histograms are generated to show the high fidelity of our experimental results. Quantum state tomography is also carried out with the quantum computer to explicate the efficacy of our method.Comment: 14 Pages, 16 Figures, 3 Table

Demographic profile of patient with acute watery diarrhea during monsoon 2022: Patan Hospital, Nepal

Introduction: Diarrhea is the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day or more. Acute watery diarrhea is a major public health problem worldwide.  In Nepal, diarrhea is among the top 10 inpatient morbidity. This study’s objective is to monitor demographic characteristics and laboratory findings of stool specimens of diarrhea. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study done at Patan Hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the Ethical committee. Data for Monsoon 2022 (June to September 2022) were collected from the Patan Hospital record system. Cases from within the Lalitpur district were included. Result: Out of 119 cases, 50(42%) were male and 69(58%) were female. The mean age±SD was 33.28±25.38 (p=0.083) with maximum cases observed during June and a peak observed during the fourth week of June. Out of 119, 4(3.3%) were stool culture positive. Two cases of Vibrio cholera, one case of Shigella sonnei, and one case of Salmonella parathypi B were isolated. In the etiological profile, 14 Entamoeba histolytica were isolated. Conclusion: During the outbreak of diarrhea in Monsoon 2022, adults were affected most. The culture of acute watery diarrhea showed two cases of Vibrio cholera

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and normal pregnant women

Background: The aim of this study was to compare vitamin D level in normal pregnant women and patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and normal pregnant women.Methods: 50 women affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 50 normal pregnant women more than 20 weeks of gestation, admitted to the ward or to labour room in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital were enrolled in the study. Assessment of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D was done by chemiluminescent immunoassay method.Results: Serum vitamin D levels were low in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with mean serum vitamin D level 13.66±7.358 ng/ml as compared to normal normotensive pregnant women 21.14±8.241ng/ml, which is statistically significant (p=0.001). Mean vitamin D level in study population was 17.40±8.634 ng/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy group was very high 88% compared to 50% in normal normotensive pregnant women group. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). vitamin D deficiency was found among 69% in study population.  Conclusions: Vitamin D levels are deficient in patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as compared to normal pregnant women. There is increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy suggesting that vitamin D deficiency can be a risk factor for the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

TECHNIQUES USED FOR BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION IN RELATION TO FORENSIC ANALYSIS

The aim of this review was to apply the knowledge &amp; technology of science for the definition &amp; enforcement of such laws. The forensic analysis is investigation the crime and examines material evidence. In forensic analysis various biochemical investigation techniques are used to examine the crimes like Hair analysis, Polygraphic test, serology test and finger print analysis. Several instruments are used in forensic analysis like IR, Chromatography, UV and Mass spectrophotometer. The characterization results showed that Forensic pharmacists engage in work relating to litigation, the regulatory process, or the criminal justice system

Hydrogen rich Syngas by Steam gasification of Waste Lignocellulosic Biomass

The depleting petroleum reserve, as well as increasing demand for crude oil, has attracted the research interest for alternative sources of energy. The surplus lignocellulosic biomass such as forest residues, crop residues, and weeds may be a potential source to derive biofuel by the thermochemical route. Gasification is an established technology for the utilization of biomass to obtain producer gas containing mainly H2 and CO as combustibles. The air-blown biomass gasifiers are widely installed where the resulting producer gas contains 55-60 per cent nitrogen and a lower percentage of H2 and CO with an H2/CO ratio of less than one. Gasification of lignocellulosic biomass using steam as an oxidant produces syn-gas with a lower amount of nitrogen, a higher percentage of hydrogen, and H2/CO &gt; 2.1. Steam as an oxidant favors water gas shift reaction with the formation of hydrogen and enhances the H2/CO ratio. The ratio of steam to biomass was 1.20-1.25 so the water gas shift reaction and steam reforming of methane occur. The percentage of hydrogen in the syngas obtained by gascification of pine needles, camelina straw and Lantana biomass was 56.8, 68.7, and 72.8 per cent respectively. The present article describes the steam gasification of pine needle biomass, crop residue from Camelina sativa, and biomass from weed i.e. Lantana camara to produce syngas with a higher H2/CO ratio along with a high calorific value compared to the one with air-blown gasification

Soil Classification Support for Farming Decisions

The techniques of data mining are extremely popular in the area of agriculture. Data mining involves the systematic analysis of huge information sets, and data processing in agricultural soil datasets is exciting and fashionable analysis space. The productive capability of a soil depends on soil fertility. Today, data processing is employed in a very large area and plenty of ready-to-wear data processing system product and domain specific data processing application software?s are obtainable, however data processing in agricultural soil knowledge sets may be a comparatively a young analysis field. In this paper, we offer internet base answer for the soil testing laboratories yet as free messages for the farmer that contains data like soil testing code, chemical that is important for the crop and additionally the knowledgeable recommendation. Additionally, farmers specify their next crop whereas they furnish their sample to scantiest therefore in keeping with next crop the chemical can recommend. The results supported the classification of contains that should be gif tin soil and in keeping with result report are generated

Influence of different organic sources of nutrients on growth and flowering behaviour of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa

A field experiment on the influence of different organic sources of nutrients on growth and flowering behaviour of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa was conducted at College Farm, College of Horticulture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Jagudan, District-Mehsana in Gujarat, India during Mrig bahar (June-January)  2017-18 and 2018-19. The present investigation was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications consisting of twenty-two treatments with four different organic manures viz., farmyard manure, vermicompost, poultry manure and neem cake as a source of nitrogen and recommended dose of manure and fertilizers based on plant age with or without biofertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB &amp; KMB) and biopesticides (Trichoderma viride and Paecilomyces lilacinus). The results based on pooled data revealed that a maximum number of hermaphrodite flowers (85.17) and incomplete flowers (96.50) up to two months after treatment application, fruit set (69.45 %) along with minimum fruit drop (13.18 %) and days taken for marketable picking (168.83) were significantly (@5%) noted under treatment 100 % RDN through poultry manure + 50 ml PSB + 25 ml KMB + 5 g Trichoderma viride + 5 ml Paecilomyces lilacinus. However, significantly (@5%) highest incremental primary growth parameters viz., plant height (0.60 m), plant spread (E-W: 0.41 m and N-S: 0.43 m) and stem girth (1.47 cm) after two months of treatment application were observed under treatment 100 % RDN through vermicompost + 50 ml PSB + 25 ml KMB + 5 g Trichoderma viride + 5 ml Paecilomyces lilacinus. Thus, the organic sources viz., vermicompost and poultry manure with biofertilizers and biopesticides would be very helpful for enhancing vegetative growth and flowering behaviour of the pomegranate