Exhaustive movement, exhaustive tone: A syntactic-prosodic investigation of Gujarati

Based on data collected from speakers of Gujarati, we investigate whether exhaustivity and narrow focus have same eect on the syntactic position of an object and on sentence prosody. The pre-verbal position, which is immediately above the vP in Gujarati has been associated with narrow focus (Joshi 2020), and here we also investigate whether that position also conveys exhaustivity (Kiss 2010). To probe how syntactic position and prosody influence and are influenced by interpretations of exhaustivity and narrow focus on an argument, we conducted production and listening tasks on 10 native speakers of Gujarati. Novel experimental data from the production task suggests that Gujarati speakers are primarily concerned in ensuring that the argument is conveyed as a narrow-focused argument vis-a-vis an exhaustively focused one, irrespective of syntactic position, whereas results from the listening task suggest that once prosody was controlled, participants were able to consider syntactic variation as a marker of exhaustivity and not just of narrow focus

Reflections on changing landscape of private higher education space in Indian higher education

Higher education is now widely accepted as a foremost instrument for fostering economic growth. The Indian higher education system is the largest in the world in terms of the number of institutions and the second largest in enrollments. About 29.6 million students are currently enrolled in higher education institutions in India. There are around 712 universities and 36,671 colleges in India. This mammoth network of higher education institutions includes a large private sector that has emerged explicitly and outsized during last two decades. The overall share of the unaided private higher education institutions has reached 63.9 percent, and the share of student enrollments in these institutions has reached 58.9 percent. The authors make an attempt to present an overview of Indian higher education and within the same frame tries to delineate and identify the advent and growth of private higher education

Higher Education Growth in India : Is growth appreciable and comparable?

The Indian higher education system is the largest in the world in terms of the number of institutions and second largest in enrollments. About 33.3 million students are currently enrolled in higher education institutions, but the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) is still very low at 23.6%. There are about 757 universities and 38,056 colleges in India. This mammoth network of higher education institutions include a large private sector that has emerged and experienced very rapid growth during last two decades. Despite this growth, Indian higher education is facing several challenges with regard to equity, efficiency and quality. It is still not inclusive, globally competitive, and innovative. The present paper examines the Indian higher education growth deception in this context and vindicate the imperative need for effective intervention policies

Indijos aukštasis mokslas: kai kurie aspektai

The higher education system in India is complex. The regulators associated with governance are overlapping and entangled across various ministries and regulatory bodies. With a Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of 15 per cent, India is still below the world average. With relatively stagnant growth of public sector, private sector now accounts for 63 per cent of the total higher education institutions and 52 per cent of the total enrolments in Indian higher education. Despite various intervention measures to address equity objectives, disparity still exists in terms of gender, ethnic groups, and economic criteria and by location. Quality and efficiency policy responses and their endeavours have been insufficient accompanied by poor regulations and its subsequent implementation. Multiple regulations and measures have been envisaged by different commissions and committees to enhance the access, quality and equity to face the challenges of opening-up this sector globally.Indijos aukštojo mokslo sistema yra labai sudėtinga. Ją valdo įvairios ministerijos ir kitos reguliuojančios institucijos. Bendroji mokymosi aprėptis siekia 15 %, ir Indija vis dar atsilieka nuo pasaulio šalių vidurkio. Esant gana lėtiems viešojo sektoriaus augimo tempams, privatus sektorius apima apie 63 % visų aukštojo mokslo institucijų bei 52 % visų besimokančiųjų aukštosiose mokyklose Indijoje. Nepaisant įvairų priemonių, kuriomis siekiama užtikrinti lygybę, egzistuoja dideli lyčių, etninių grupių, ekonominių klasių ir vietovių skirtumai. Kokybės bei efektyvumo užtikrinimo politikos rezultatai buvo nepakankami dėl blogo reguliavimo ir nenuoseklaus įdiegimo. Daug reguliuojančių aktų ir priemonių buvo numatyta įvairių komisijų ir komitetų, siekiant pagerinti aukštojo mokslo prieinamumą, kokybę ir lygybę bei pasitikti šio sektoriaus atvėrimą pasauliui

Separation of autologous red blood cells from specimen of the transfused sickle cell disease patients using hypotonic saline

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) antigen typing in transfused sickle cell disease (SCD) patients is a difficult task due to contamination of the transfused red cells. Aim: This pilot study was aimed to standardize an easy approach to separate the autologous RBCs from the transfused patient for RBC antigen typing in SCD. Materials and Methods: The RBCs from transfused patients with SCD were separated by hypotonic saline and tested with various antisera by standard serological methods. Results: Ten antisera showing negative reaction with donors' RBCs reacted positively with the patients' autologous RBCs separated by treatment with hypotonic saline. Seven antisera reacted with the donors' RBCs were nonreactive with the patients' autologous RBCs after elimination of the donor's RBCs by treatment with hypotonic saline. Conclusion: The hypotonic saline can be used as method to separate the autologous RBCs from the mixture with the transfused RBC in patients with SCD

Spontaneous cold agglutination phenomenon associated with auto-anti-“N”-like antibody in a healthy blood donor

Background: The low titer cold autoagglutinins (CAs) are found in every individual; the high-titer CAs are associated with certain infections, malignancies, or autoimmune disorders. Usually, they have specificities as anti-I; occasionally, they occur as anti-i or anti-Pr. However, CAs found that as spontaneous cold autoagglutinations (SpCAs) among the healthy blood donors are predominantly anti-i or anti-Pr besides being anti-I for their specificities. Aim: The present study is aimed to ascertain the specificity of autoantibody associated with SpCA. Study Design: The antibody in the donor's plasma and the eluate augmented from his red blood cells (RBCs) was studied. Specificity was determined using commercial and in-house RBCs panel. Standard serological methods were used. Results: A 49-year-old male volunteer donor grouped as B, RhD-negative, and M+N+ and showed a positive test for antibody screening. Direct antiglobulin test was negative though the autocontrol test was strongly positive at 4°C. The antibody eluted from the donor's RBCs showed anti-“N”-like specificity when it reacted with the trypsin-treated RBCs but not with the papain-treated RBCs. Its specificity as anti-“N” was ascertained by the failure of its reactivity with the RBCs from the M+N-S-s-U-phenotype that lacks the “N” antigen. Conclusion: SpCA phenomenon observed in this case differs from the reported cases for its specificity as anti-“N”-like

Conservative management of central giant cell granuloma - A case report

Surgical resection is the gold standard for an aggressive variant of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) which causes permanent disfigurement, especially in young individuals. Therefore, the conservative line of treatment should be tried first. Jacoway and colleagues proposed that the intralesional administration of corticosteroids acts on the giant cells that have osteoclasts receptors present on their surface and thus, corticosteroids induce apoptosis, causing remission of the lesion. An 11-year girl reported non-tender bony swelling in the left mandibular region for 3 months. CBCT revealed a large lytic lesion from teeth 33 to 37 measuring about 4 cm × 4 cm approximately. A biopsy was done, which diagnosed the lesion as central giant cell granuloma. 10 mg/ml of triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection per cm of the lesion was injected. The protocol of initially giving intralesional corticosteroid injections can be used as a first treatment option for the management of CGCG rather than going for an initial aggressive surgical approach

Application of Chemometrics in Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Quantification of Etophylline and Theophylline: The Drugs with Same Chromophore: Chemometrics in Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination

Chemometric techniques in spectral analysis have gained importance in the quality control of the drugs mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations containing two or more drugs with overlapping spectra. Since theophylline and etophylline have common chromophore, they cannot be analyzed simultaneously using conventional UV methods. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of etophylline and theophylline was performed by partial least-squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) methods. The absorbance values in the UV-Vis spectra were measured for the 71 wavelength points (from 230-300) in the spectral region 200-400 nm considering the intervals of 1 nm. The accuracy and the precision of the methods were determined and validated by analyzing synthetic mixtures of the drugs. The numerical calculations were performed with the ‘Unscrambler 10.3 X software. The calibration ranges were found to be 6-30 μg/ml for etophylline and 2-10 μg/ml for theophylline. The chemometrics analysis methods were satisfactorily applied to the simultaneous determination of etophylline and theophylline in the tablet dosage form

The NS1 protein of the parvovirus MVM Aids in the localization of the viral genome to cellular sites of DNA damage.

The autonomous parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) localizes to cellular DNA damage sites to establish and sustain viral replication centers, which can be visualized by focal deposition of the essential MVM non-structural phosphoprotein NS1. How such foci are established remains unknown. Here, we show that NS1 localized to cellular sites of DNA damage independently of its ability to covalently bind the 5' end of the viral genome, or its consensus DNA binding sequence. Many of these sites were identical to those occupied by virus during infection. However, localization of the MVM genome to DNA damage sites occurred only when wild-type NS1, but not its DNA-binding mutant was expressed. Additionally, wild-type NS1, but not its DNA binding mutant, could localize a heterologous DNA molecule containing the NS1 binding sequence to DNA damage sites. These findings suggest that NS1 may function as a bridging molecule, helping the MVM genome localize to cellular DNA damage sites to facilitate ongoing virus replication

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF3α) are differentially methylated in preeclampsia placentae and are associated with birth outcomes

Preeclampsia is a placental vascular pathology and hypoxia is known to influence placental angiogenesis. Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF1α and HIF3α) mediate the response to cellular oxygen concentration and bind to hypoxia response element of target genes. However the mechanism regulating above activity is not well-understood. We investigated if placental DNA methylation (DNAm) and expression of HIF1α and 3α genes are altered and associated with pre-eclampsia, placental weight and birth outcomes. Using a cohort comprising women with preeclampsia [N = 100, delivering at term (N = 43) and preterm (N = 57)] and normotensive controls (N = 100), we analysed DNAm in HIF1α and 3α, and their mRNA expression in placentae, employing pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. We observed significant hypermethylation at cg22891070 of HIF3α in preeclampsia placentae compared to controls (β = 1.5%, p = 0.04). CpG8 in the promoter region of HIF1α, showed marginally significant hypomethylation in preterm preeclampsia compared to controls (β = - 0.15%, p = 0.055). HIF1α expression was significantly lower in preterm preeclampsia compared to controls (mean ± SE = 10.16 ± 2.00 vs 4.25 ± 0.90, p = 0.04). Further, DNAm in HIF1α promoter region was negatively associated with its expression levels (β =  - 0.165, p = 0.024). Several CpGs in HIF1α were negatively associated with placental weight and birth outcomes including birth weight (β range =  - 0.224-0.300) and birth length [β range =  - 0.248 to - 0.301 (p < 0.05 for all)]. Overall, we demonstrate altered DNAm in HIF1α and HIF3α in preeclampsia placentae, also associated with various birth outcomes. Correlation of DNAm in HIF1α and its expression suggests a possible role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Further investigations on interactions between HIF1α and HIF3α in preeclampsia would be interesting