Chest CT findings in patients with severe human adenoviruses pneumonia.

<p>(A), 30 year-old woman with adenovirus type 55 pneumonia. Initial chest CT scan (day 6 after the onset of illness) shows bilateral diffuse ground-grass opacities. (B), 29 year-old woman with adenovirus type 55 pneumonia. Chest CT scan five days after the onset shows consolidation in the left upper lobe. (C), 38 year-old woman with adenovirus type 14 pneumonia. Initial CT scan obtained on day 7 shows apparent consolidation with slight patchy ground-glass opacities in both lower lungs. (D), 22 year-old man with adenovirus type 7 pneumonia. CT scan obtained on day 10 shows bilateral consolidations accompanied by adjacent ground glass opacities and pleural effusions.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe CAP caused by Adenoviruses (comparison between survivors and non-survivors).

<p>Demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe CAP caused by Adenoviruses (comparison between survivors and non-survivors).</p

Laboratory Findings and Chest Radiologic Characteristics of Patients with severe CAP caused by Adenoviruses (comparison between survivors and non-survivors).

<p>Laboratory Findings and Chest Radiologic Characteristics of Patients with severe CAP caused by Adenoviruses (comparison between survivors and non-survivors).</p

Epidemiologic distribution of different types of human adenoviruses.

<p>Most cases of human adenovirus type 55 were identified in April.</p

23 year-old man with adenovirus type 55 pneumonia.

<p>(A), Initial chest radiograph (day 2 after the onset of illness) shows focal consolidation in the right lower lobe. (B), Chest radiograph (day 8 after the onset of illness) reveals rapid progression, widespread consolidations in both lungs. (C), Consolidations in both lungs have begun to decrease by day 15 after onset. (D), Consolidations in both lungs have further decreased by day 18 after onset.</p

Comparison of different inspiratory triggering settings in automated ventilators during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model

<div><p>Background</p><p>Mechanical ventilation via automated in-hospital ventilators is quite common during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It is not known whether different inspiratory triggering sensitivity settings of ordinary ventilators have different effects on actual ventilation, gas exchange and hemodynamics during resuscitation.</p><p>Methods</p><p>18 pigs enrolled in this study were anaesthetized and intubated. Continuous chest compressions and mechanical ventilation (volume-controlled mode, 100% O₂, respiratory rate 10/min, and tidal volumes 10ml/kg) were performed after 3 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. Group trig-4, trig-10 and trig-20 (six pigs each) were characterized by triggering sensitivities of 4, 10 and 20 (cmH₂O for pressure-triggering and L/min for flow-triggering), respectively. Additionally, each pig in each group was mechanically ventilated using three types of inspiratory triggering (pressure-triggering, flow-triggering and turned-off triggering) of 5 minutes duration each, and each animal matched with one of six random assortments of the three different triggering settings. Blood gas samples, respiratory and hemodynamic parameters for each period were all collected and analyzed.</p><p>Results</p><p>In each group, significantly lower actual respiratory rate, minute ventilation volume, mean airway pressure, arterial pH, PaO₂, and higher end-tidal carbon dioxide, aortic blood pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, PaCO₂ and venous oxygen saturation were observed in the ventilation periods with a turned-off triggering setting compared to those with pressure- or flow- triggering (all <i>P</i><0.05), except when compared with pressure-triggering of 20 cmH₂O (respiratory rate 10.5[10/11.3]/min vs 12.5[10.8/13.3]/min, <i>P</i> = 0.07; coronary perfusion pressure 30.3[24.5/31.6] mmHg vs 27.4[23.7/29] mmHg, <i>P</i> = 0.173; venous oxygen saturation 46.5[32/56.8]% vs 41.5[33.5/48.5]%, <i>P</i> = 0.575).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Ventilation with pressure- or flow-triggering tends to induce hyperventilation and deteriorating gas exchange and hemodynamics during CPR. A turned-off patient triggering or a pressure-triggering of 20 cmH2O is preferred for ventilation when an ordinary inpatient hospital ventilator is used during resuscitation.</p></div

Aortic blood pressure, right atrial pressure and mean airway pressure during the inspiratory phase of an animal in Group trig-20.

<p>The period indicated by dotted box is the decompression phase of chest compressions. Coronary perfusion (shadow area) is indicated by the area between red and blue line in the dotted box. (A), Turned-off triggering. (B), A pressure-triggering of 20 cmH₂O. (C), A flow-triggering of 20 L/min.</p

Physiological parameters at baseline.

<p>Physiological parameters at baseline.</p

Results of Arterial and Venous blood Gas Analysis.

<p>Results of Arterial and Venous blood Gas Analysis.</p

Experimental protocol.

<p>VF, ventricular fibrillation.</p