Birth weight is associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in Swedish women

There is some evidence that birth weight is associated with breast cancer. Whether this association differs between premenopausal and postmenopausal ages is still unclear. The results from this study suggest that higher birth weight is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (OR 1.06, CI 1.00-1.12, per 100 g), independent of selected early-life and adult factors

Raman Spectroscopy of Single Crystals of High- Tc, Cuprates

We present normal mode assignments for the Raman spectra of 1-2-3-type materials on the basis of polarized Raman studies of single crystals of Ba2YCu3O7, Ba2YCu3O6, Sr2YCu2.4A10.607, and Ba2_xLaj+xCu3O7+δ. In Ba2YCu3O7 we observe five intrinsic modes at 500 [0(1) axial stretch], 435 [in-phase 0(2), 0(3) bend], 335 [out-of-phase 0(2), 0(3) bend], 140 [Cu(2) axial stretch mode], and 118 cm− 1(Ba axial mode). Defect-induced modes are found at 600 and 220 − 1. A mode at 640 − 1, which is seen only in ceramics, is shown to be due to a BaCuO2 impurity phase. Furthermore, we discuss the Raman spectra of Bi2Sr2Can − 1CunO4+2n, and the high-frequency (ω \u3e 1000 − 1) scattering in Ba2YCu3O6 and Ba2YCu3O7

Raman Scattering from Triple Perovskites with the Ba2YCu3Ox Structure: Normal Mode Assignments from Substitutions On the Ba Site

Raman spectra are reported for Ba1.5La1.5Cu3O7+ ceramics and Sr2YCu3-xAlxO7- ceramics and single crystals. The shifts in the frequencies of the Raman features for these triple perovskites, as compared to Ba2YCu3Ox, provide additional evidence for the assignments of the normal modes. There are large changes in the frequency of the prominent 500-cm-1 feature that are well correlated to changes in the lengths of the axial Cu-O bonds. This correlation supports the assignment of the 500-cm-1 feature to the axial stretching of the oxygen atoms that bridge the Cu sites. The substitution of Sr for Ba does not change the frequency of the 140-cm-1 mode of Ba2YCu3Ox, thereby supporting its assignment to axial stretching of the planar Cu atoms rather than to a Ba mode. With these new data and the previous, definitive assignment of the feature at 340 cm-1, the assignments of the five prominent Raman modes are well supported by experiment and agree with lattice-dynamics calculations

High-Frequency Raman Scattering in the Superconducting and Semiconducting Phases of Ba2YCu3Ox-Type Single Crystals and Ceramics

We report the high-frequency Raman spectra (\u3e1000 cm-1) of Ba2YCu3Ox and various analogs, measured at room temperature. In semiconducting single crystals and ceramics of Ba2YCu3Ox (x6) and semiconducting single crystals of Sr2YCu2.4Al0.6Ox we find a peak at 1220 cm-1 (A1g symmetry) and a broadband at 2600 cm-1 (B1g). The 1220-cm-1 peak can be interpreted as scattering from excitations of single spins near defects or two-phonon scattering. The 2600-cm-1 band is attributed to scattering from spin-pair excitations. In the spectra of superconducting Ba2YCu3Ox crystals and ceramics (x7) these bands are not present. In all samples, semiconductors and superconductors, we observe flat and featureless spectral intensity (A1g symmetry) extending up to =5000 cm-1, the origin of which is not understood at present. The similarity between the high-frequency spectra of Ba2YCu3Ox (x6) and Sr2YCu2.4Al0.6Ox [Al on Cu(1)-chain sites] shows that the magnetic scattering is determined by the structure of the Cu(2)-O planes and is not affected by the distance between the planes or by the Cu(1)-chain structure

Raman Spectroscopy and Normal-Mode Assignments for Ba2MCu3Ox (M=Gd,Y) Single Crystals

Single crystals of superconducting Ba2MCu3Ox (M=Y,Gd) have been used for a study of the polarization dependence of the Raman spectra so as to better understand the lattice dynamics and the role of O defects in these materials. Several prominent vibrational bands have strong polarization dependence and can all be attributed to specific modes with Ag symmetry. Broad features between 500 and 600 cm-1 are suggested to be related to O vacancy disorder

Raman Scattering from Single Crystals of the 84-K Superconductor Bi2.2Ca0.8Sr2Cu2O8+Δ

We report the Raman spectrum of single crystals of Bi2.2Ca0. 8Sr2Cu2O8+δ. The most prominent features are at 120, 295, 462, and 625 cm-1. The 462-cm-1 mode is tentatively assigned to axial O(3) symmetric stretching. The 625-cm-1 mode is assigned to planar Cu-O(1) bond stretching. The 120-cm-1 mode shows a strong a-b anisotropy. The effect of the b-axis superstructure upon the Raman spectrum is emphasized

Antiviral Activity of Single-Dose PRO 140, a CCR5 Monoclonal Antibody, in HIV-Infected Adults

Background. The current goal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) therapy is to maximally suppress viral replication. Securing this goal requires new drugs and treatment classes. The chemokine receptor CCR5 provides an entry portal for HIV-1, and PRO 140 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to CCR5 and potently inhibits CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1 in vitro. Methods. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study was conducted in 39 individuals with HIV-1 RNA levels ⩾5000 copies/mL, CD4+ cell counts ⩾250 cells/µL, no antiretroviral therapy for 3 months, and only R5 HIV-1 detectable. Cohorts were randomized 3:10 to receive placebo or doses of PRO 140 of 0.5, 2, or 5 mg/kg. Subjects were monitored for 58 days for safety, antiviral effects, and serum concentrations of PRO 140. Results. PRO 140 was generally well tolerated and demonstrated potent, rapid, prolonged, and dose-dependent antiviral activity. Mean reductions in HIV-1RNAlevel of 0.58 log10, 1.20 log10 (P = .0002) and 1.83 log10 (P < .0001) were observed for the 0.5-, 2-, and 5-mg/kg dose groups, respectively. Reductions in mean viral load of ⩾10-fold were observed within 4 days and persisted for 2-3 weeks after treatment. Conclusions. This trial established clear proof of concept for PRO 140 as a potent antiretroviral agent with extended activity after a single dose. Trial registration. ISRCTN Register: ISRCTN45537485