Clinic-level temporal signals of the daily false positive rate of the Orasure rapid oral HIV test performed in New York City's 10 DOHMH STD clinics from March 1^st 2005 to June 30^th 2008.

<p>Showing clinic-level signals with a p-value of less than 0.01 only.</p

Baseline Health-Related Quality of Life and 10-Year All-Cause Mortality among 1739 Chinese Adults

<div><p>Background and Purpose</p><p>Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may be associated with the longevity of patients; yet it is not clear whether this association holds in a general population, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to determine whether baseline HRQOL was associated with 10-year all-cause mortality in a Chinese general population.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2002 to 2012 on 1739 participants in 11 villages of Beijing. Baseline data on six domains of HRQOL, chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk factors were collected in either 2002 (n = 1290) or 2005 (n = 449). Subjects were followed through the end of the study period, or until they were censored due to death or loss to follow-up, whichever came first.</p><p>Results</p><p>A multivariable Cox model estimated that <i>Total HRQOL score</i> (bottom 50% versus top 50%) was associated with a 44% increase in all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-2.06), after adjusting for sex, age, education levels, occupation, marital status, smoking status, fruit intake, vegetable intake, physical exercise, hypertension, history of a stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic respiratory disease, and kidney disease. Among the six HRQOL domains, the <i>Independence</i> domain had the largest fully adjusted HR (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.13-2.42), followed by <i>Psychological</i> (HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03-2.09), <i>Environmental</i> (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.003-2.03), <i>Physical</i> (HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.97-1.95), <i>General</i> (HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.97-1.94), and the <i>Social</i> domain (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.81-1.65).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Lower HRQOL, especially the inability to live independently, was associated with a significantly increased risk of 10-year all-cause mortality. The inclusion of HRQOL measures in clinical assessment may improve diagnostic accuracy to improve clinical outcomes and better target public health promotions.</p></div

Age-and-sex adjusted and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of all-cause mortality by baseline six separate HRQOL domains and one HRQOL transition item among residents of Beijing, China (n = 1739).

<p>Abbreviations: HRQOL, health-related quality of life; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratios; SD, standard deviation.</p>a<p>Hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% CIs were calculated by Cox hazard proportional models after adjusting for sex, age, education levels, occupation, marital status, smoking, alcohol drinking, fruit intake > = 250 g/week, vegetable intake> = 250 g/day, physical exercise, hypertension, diabetes, and history of stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic respiratory diseases, and kidney diseases.</p

Flow chart of study participants.

<p>Flow chart of study participants.</p

Mortality rates and adjusted hazard ratios by baseline total quality of life scores among residents of Beijing, China (n = 1739).

<p>Abbreviations: HRQOL, quality of life; CI, Confidence Interval; HR, Hazard Ratios.</p>a<p>Hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% CIs for <b><i>total HRQOL scores</i></b> were calculated by one Cox model which included sex, age, education levels, occupation, marital status, smoking, fruit intake > = 250 g/week, vegetable intake> = 250 g/day, physical exercise, hypertension, and history of stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic respiratory diseases, and kidney diseases.</p

Association of total HRQOL score and demographic and health characteristics (n = 1,739).

<p>*Those without serum measurement (N = 19) were excluded.</p><p>#p values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank test, except where noted.</p><p>∧ p values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test.</p

Comparison of baseline quality of life and other characteristics between the 141 deaths and 1598 survivors.

<p>☆Survivors include those lost to follow-up.</p><p>* p values for HRQOL were calculated by Wilcoxon rank test.</p><p>#p values for categorical variables were calculated by Chi-square test or Fisher's Exact Test.</p><p>∧ p values were calculated by t-test.</p><p>Abbreviations: HRQOL, quality of life; SD, standard deviation.</p><p>Definitions: Worker: in factory, shopping center, hotel, etc; Current smoking: at least one cigarette per day for at least the past year; Former smoker: having stopped smoking for at least the past month; Alcohol drinker: at least 1 drink/week; Physical exercise: at least 30 minutes/day for at least the past year; Hypertension: mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) > = 140 mm Hg and/or mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > = 90 mm Hg (based on 3 measurements), or the use of antihypertensive drugs in the past 2 weeks; Diabetes mellitus (DM): fasting blood glucose > = 7.0 mmol/l or current use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic medication; Obesity: BMI> = 28 kg/m²; High cholesterol: fasting serum cholesterol> = 200 mg/dL.</p

Flow diagram.

<p>Participants who were enrolled in the study; CKD-AFRiKA.</p

Weighted mean knowledge score and crude mean differences in weighted knowledge score from separate univariable linear regression models among study participants; N = 606 (CKD-AFRIKA, 2014).

<p>Weighted mean knowledge score and crude mean differences in weighted knowledge score from separate univariable linear regression models among study participants; N = 606 (CKD-AFRIKA, 2014).</p

Results of multi-variable linear regression model of weighted mean knowledge score and adjusted mean differences; N = 606 (CKD-AFRIKA, 2014).

<p>Results of multi-variable linear regression model of weighted mean knowledge score and adjusted mean differences; N = 606 (CKD-AFRIKA, 2014).</p