A North American Record for \u3ci\u3eValgus Hemipterus\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Information on its Life Cycle

A rotting American elm log containing adults of Valgus hemipterus (L.) was discovered on 6 May 1980, at the Rose Lake Wildlife Experiment Station, Shiawassee County, Michigan. This appears to be the first record of this European species in North America. Larvae were collected in the summer, and pupae and teneral adults in the early fall suggesting a univoltine life cycle with the adults overwintering

On stepdown control of the false discovery proportion

Consider the problem of testing multiple null hypotheses. A classical approach to dealing with the multiplicity problem is to restrict attention to procedures that control the familywise error rate ($FWER$), the probability of even one false rejection. However, if $s$ is large, control of the $FWER$ is so stringent that the ability of a procedure which controls the $FWER$ to detect false null hypotheses is limited. Consequently, it is desirable to consider other measures of error control. We will consider methods based on control of the false discovery proportion ($FDP$) defined by the number of false rejections divided by the total number of rejections (defined to be 0 if there are no rejections). The false discovery rate proposed by Benjamini and Hochberg (1995) controls $E(FDP)$. Here, we construct methods such that, for any $\gamma$ and $\alpha$, $P\{FDP>\gamma \}\le \alpha$. Based on $p$-values of individual tests, we consider stepdown procedures that control the $FDP$, without imposing dependence assumptions on the joint distribution of the $p$-values. A greatly improved version of a method given in Lehmann and Romano \citer10 is derived and generalized to provide a means by which any sequence of nondecreasing constants can be rescaled to ensure control of the $FDP$. We also provide a stepdown procedure that controls the $FDR$ under a dependence assumption.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921706000000383 in the IMS Lecture Notes--Monograph Series (http://www.imstat.org/publications/lecnotes.htm) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Stepup procedures for control of generalizations of the familywise error rate

Consider the multiple testing problem of testing null hypotheses $H_1,...,H_s$. A classical approach to dealing with the multiplicity problem is to restrict attention to procedures that control the familywise error rate ($\mathit{FWER}$), the probability of even one false rejection. But if $s$ is large, control of the $\mathit{FWER}$ is so stringent that the ability of a procedure that controls the $\mathit{FWER}$ to detect false null hypotheses is limited. It is therefore desirable to consider other measures of error control. This article considers two generalizations of the $\mathit{FWER}$. The first is the $k-\mathit{FWER}$, in which one is willing to tolerate $k$ or more false rejections for some fixed $k\geq 1$. The second is based on the false discovery proportion ($\mathit{FDP}$), defined to be the number of false rejections divided by the total number of rejections (and defined to be 0 if there are no rejections). Benjamini and Hochberg [J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 57 (1995) 289--300] proposed control of the false discovery rate ($\mathit{FDR}$), by which they meant that, for fixed $\alpha$, $E(\mathit{FDP})\leq\alpha$. Here, we consider control of the $\mathit{FDP}$ in the sense that, for fixed $\gamma$ and $\alpha$, $P\{\mathit{FDP}>\gamma\}\leq \alpha$. Beginning with any nondecreasing sequence of constants and $p$-values for the individual tests, we derive stepup procedures that control each of these two measures of error control without imposing any assumptions on the dependence structure of the $p$-values. We use our results to point out a few interesting connections with some closely related stepdown procedures. We then compare and contrast two $\mathit{FDP}$-controlling procedures obtained using our results with the stepup procedure for control of the $\mathit{FDR}$ of Benjamini and Yekutieli [Ann. Statist. 29 (2001) 1165--1188].Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000000461 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

The Central Valley at a Crossroads: Migration and Its Implications

Examines recent trends in domestic and international migration flows, population growth, and changes in the region's socioeconomic profile. Looks at policy strategies used by each valley subregion to address challenges presented by recent migration

On the uniform asymptotic validity of subsampling and the bootstrap

This paper provides conditions under which subsampling and the bootstrap can be used to construct estimators of the quantiles of the distribution of a root that behave well uniformly over a large class of distributions $\mathbf{P}$. These results are then applied (i) to construct confidence regions that behave well uniformly over $\mathbf{P}$ in the sense that the coverage probability tends to at least the nominal level uniformly over $\mathbf{P}$ and (ii) to construct tests that behave well uniformly over $\mathbf{P}$ in the sense that the size tends to no greater than the nominal level uniformly over $\mathbf{P}$. Without these stronger notions of convergence, the asymptotic approximations to the coverage probability or size may be poor, even in very large samples. Specific applications include the multivariate mean, testing moment inequalities, multiple testing, the empirical process and U-statistics.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOS1051 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Maternal fluoxetine exposure alters cortical hemodynamic and calcium response of offspring to somatosensory stimuli

Epidemiological studies have found an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in populations prenatally exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Optical imaging provides a minimally invasive way to determine if perinatal SSRI exposure has long-term effects on cortical function. Herein we probed the functional neuroimaging effects of perinatal SSRI exposure in a fluoxetine (FLX)-exposed mouse model. While resting-state homotopic contralateral functional connectivity was unperturbed, the evoked cortical response to forepaw stimulation was altered in FLX mice. The stimulated cortex showed decreased activity for FLX versus controls, by both hemodynamic responses [oxyhemoglobin (Hb

Microfluidic detection and analysis by integration of thermocapillary actuation with a thin-film optical waveguide

We demonstrate a nonintrusive optical method for microfluidic detection and analysis based on evanescent wave sensing. The device consists of a planar thin-film waveguide integrated with a microfluidic chip for directed surface flow. Microliter droplets are electronically transported and positioned over the waveguide surface by thermocapillary actuation. The attenuated intensity of propagating modes is used to detect droplet location, to monitor dye concentration in aqueous solutions, and to measure reaction rates with increasing surface temperature for a chromogenic biochemical assay. This study illustrates a few of the capabilities possible by direct integration of optical sensing with surface-directed fluidic devices