Alpha Toxin yields by CC/ST affiliation.

<p>Alpha Toxin yields by CC/ST affiliation.</p

<i>Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro</i> Secretion of Alpha Toxin (hla) Correlates with the Affiliation to Clonal Complexes

<div><p>The alpha toxin of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a pore forming toxin that penetrates host cell membranes causing osmotic swelling, rupture, lysis and subsequently cell death. Haemolysin alpha is toxic to a wide range of different mammalian cells; i.e., neurotoxic, dermonecrotic, haemolytic, and it can cause lethality in a wide variety of animals. In this study, the <i>in vitro</i> alpha toxin production of 648 previously genotyped isolates of <i>S. aureus</i> was measured quantitatively using antibody microarrays. Isolates originated from medical and veterinary settings and were selected in order to represent diverse clonal complexes and defined clinical conditions. Generally, the production of alpha toxin <i>in vitro</i> is related to the clonal complex affiliation. For clonal complexes CC22, CC30, CC45, CC479, CC705 and others, invariably no alpha toxin production was noted under the given <i>in vitro</i> conditions, while others, such as CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15 or CC96 secreted variable or high levels of alpha toxin. There was no correlation between alpha toxin yield and clinical course of the disease, or between alpha toxin yield and host species.</p></div

Specific cut-off values for each target.

<p>*Anti-PVL_2 Antibody detects exclusive epitopes of lukF-P83. Positive signals for two of the anti-PVL antibodies, 1, 2 or 3, indicate for the target lukF-PV.</p><p>Specific cut-off values for each target.</p

Layout of the protein microarray.

<p>(A) Positions of each substance on the chip. (B) Legend to the probes. (C) Picture of a processed fluorescent microarray. (D) Bar graph with signal intensities for the expressed proteins.</p

Alpha Toxin yields and <i>agr</i> group affiliation.

<p>Alpha Toxin yields and <i>agr</i> group affiliation.</p

Alpha Toxin yields and clinical outcome (veterinary isolates excluded).

<p>Alpha Toxin yields and clinical outcome (veterinary isolates excluded).</p