PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASES AMONG ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AND THEIR ANTIBIOGRAM PATTERN FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES

Objective: This study was attempted to evaluate the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) among Enterobacteriaceae from different clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry.Methods:  A total of 204 gram negative isolates from different clinical samples were studied. All isolates were identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by standard microbiological procedures. ESBL production was detected by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT).The test was carried according to CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 204 isolates, 78 (38.2%) tested positive for ESBL production. Klebsiella pneumoniae (50.9%) showed the maximum ESBL positivity. Amikacin, piperacillin- tazobactam and imipenem are the most effective drugs for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL producing organisms.Conclusion: High prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospitals, with a tendency for multi drug resistance, suggests that routine detection is mandatory as this may help in regulating hospital antibiotic policy.Keywords: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase, Phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test, antimicrobial resistance, Enterobacteriaceae

Comorbidities in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, India: Opportunities for intervention

<div><p>Background</p><p>We aimed to define characteristics of TB patients in Puducherry and two districts of Tamil Nadu, India and calculate the population attributable fractions (PAF) of TB from malnutrition and alcohol.</p><p>Methods</p><p>New smear-positive TB cases were enrolled into the Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis (RePORT India) cohort. Census and National Family Health Survey data were used for comparisons.</p><p>Results</p><p>Data were analyzed for 409 participants enrolled between May 2014-June 2016; 307 (75.1%) were male, 60.2% were malnourished (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m²), and 29.1% severely malnourished (BMI <16). “Hazardous” alcohol use (based on AUDIT-C score) was reported by 155/305 (50.8%) of males. Tuberculosis cases were more likely than the Puducherry population to be malnourished (62.6% v 10.2% males and 71.7% v 11.3% of females; both p<0.001), and male cases were more likely to use alcohol than male non-cases (84.4% v 41%; p < .001). The PAF of malnutrition was 57.4% in males and 61.5% in females; the PAF for alcohol use was 73.8% in males and 1.7% in females.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Alcohol use in men and malnutrition are helping drive the TB epidemic in Southern India. Reducing the TB burden in this population will require efforts to mitigate these risk factors.</p></div

Comparison of TB case characteristics and the 2015 national family health survey for Puducherry for persons ages 15–49 years^a.

<p>Comparison of TB case characteristics and the 2015 national family health survey for Puducherry for persons ages 15–49 years<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0183195#t003fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Comparison of TB case characteristics, household characteristics and Puducherry population based on 2011 census data.

<p>Comparison of TB case characteristics, household characteristics and Puducherry population based on 2011 census data.</p

Characteristics of TB patients in RePORT cohort, Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, (2014–16).

<p>Characteristics of TB patients in RePORT cohort, Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, (2014–16).</p