Factor score for each condition in participants over 50 years.

<p>Factor 1 (cardio-respiratory); Factor 2 (mental-arthritis); Factor 3 (aggregate pattern).</p><p>Note =  Factor scores ≥0.25 are highlighted.</p

Impact of chronic conditions on quality of life.

<p>Linear regression model for the global sample was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, education level, urbanicity, individual chronic conditions and interactions. Analogous linear regressions were performed for male and female, adjusted by the same variables but sex. Results with 95% Confidence interval.</p><p>Impact of chronic conditions on quality of life.</p

Impact of multiple chronic conditions on quality of life.

<p>Linear regression model for the global sample was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, education level, urbanicity and number of chronic conditions. Analogous linear regressions were performed for male and female, adjusted by the same variables but sex. NOTE: QoL  =  quality of life. Results with 95% Confidence interval.</p><p>Impact of multiple chronic conditions on quality of life.</p

Description of the sample of the Spanish Cohort of the COURAGE study.

<p>Unweighted frequencies, and weighted means and proportions are displayed. Chi-square test for 2xN tables and T-test were performed to compare across gender. NOTE: Household income was divided into 5 quintiles (the first indicating the lowest income). Education category ‘no education’ included those people that had never been to school or did not finish primary school. Marital status ‘married’ category included currently married or cohabiting. Employment ‘other’ category included training, homemakers, unemployed, voluntary work, health problems, caring for family, sick leave, no need to work, temporary time off and voluntary work. Anxiety included Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder. Abbreviations: SE, standard error.</p><p>Description of the sample of the Spanish Cohort of the COURAGE study.</p

Impact of multiple chronic conditions on disability.

<p>Linear regression model for the global sample was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, education level, urbanicity and number of chronic conditions. Analogous linear regressions were performed for male and female, adjusted by the same variables but sex. Results with 95% Confidence interval.</p><p>Impact of multiple chronic conditions on disability.</p

Number of total, physical and mental conditions according to age and gender.

<p>CI =  Confident interval. Note =  Weighted proportion and 95% Confident Intervals are shown.</p

Demographic characteristics of respondents by country.

*<p>All the differences were significant at a 99% confidence level. Effect size: Cramer's <i>V</i> for χ² test (categorical variables) and Cohen's <i>f</i> for ANOVA test (quantitative variables).</p

Mean scores (s.d.) of net affect and U-index, ranked from the highest to the lowest net affect.

<p>ANOVA tests comparing net affect and U-index scores among countries.</p