Additional file 1: of Dose-response relationship of core-specific sensorimotor interventions in healthy, well-trained participants: study protocol for a (MiSpEx) randomized controlled trial

Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Checklist. (DOC 122 kb

Effects of sudden walking perturbations on neuromuscular reflex activity and three-dimensional motion of the trunk in healthy controls and back pain symptomatic subjects - Fig 1

<p>A. 12-lead EMG-trunk-setup. (Mm rec. abd. (RA), obl. ext. abd. (EO), obl. int. abd (IO) of left and right side) and 6 dorsal (Mm erec. spinae thoracic (T9; UES)/lumbar (L3; LES), latis. dorsi (LD) of left and right side; VR: RA, EO, IO of right side; VL: RA, EO, IO of left side; DR: UES, LES, LD of right side; DL: UES, LES, LD of left side). B. Kinematic trunk model (Müller et al. 2015).</p

Anthropometrics and back pain status of healthy controls (H;H_matched) and back pain symptomatic subjects (BPP).

<p>Anthropometrics and back pain status of healthy controls (H;H_matched) and back pain symptomatic subjects (BPP).</p

Neuromuscular reflex activity (EMG-RMS; %) of the four trunk areas during stumbling in healthy (H; H_matched) and back pain symptomatic subjects (BPP).

<p>Legend: VR/VL: mean EMG-RMS of RA, EO, IO ri/le; DR/DL: mean EMG-RMS of LD, UES, LES ri/le).</p

Exemplarily EMG signal for the 6 right-sided trunk muscles (raw signal of 1 perturbation for one subject) including visualization of EMG outcome measures (EMG-RMS, T_ON, T_MAX).

<p>Exemplarily EMG signal for the 6 right-sided trunk muscles (raw signal of 1 perturbation for one subject) including visualization of EMG outcome measures (EMG-RMS, T_ON, T_MAX).</p

Polarplot of neuromuscular response time of 12 trunk muscles to perturbation.

<p>(A) onset of muscle activity (T_ON; ms) after perturbation. (B) time to maximum activity (T_MAX; ms) after perturbation.* significant differences between H and BPP (p<0.025); # significant differences between H_matched and BPP (p<0.025).</p

Neuromuscular reflex response (T_ON; T_MAX; [ms]) for all muscles for H, H_matched and BPP.

<p>Neuromuscular reflex response (T_ON; T_MAX; [ms]) for all muscles for H, H_matched and BPP.</p

Effects of sudden walking perturbations on neuromuscular reflex activity and three-dimensional motion of the trunk in healthy controls and back pain symptomatic subjects - Fig 7

<p><b>3-D trunk kinematics during stumbling (mean trunk angle</b> (A_mean<b>; [°]; subsequent 200ms after perturbation) including mean ± 95%-confidence interval for (A) extension-flexion and (B) lateral flexion.</b> * significant differences between H and BPP (p<0.025); # significant differences between H_matched and BPP (p<0.025). negative values represent flexion, left-sided rotation and left-sided lateral flexion for all 3 segments. positive values represent extension, right-sided rotation and right-sided lateral flexion.</p