Training future childhood education teachers in University and a school collaboration

Los cambios que ha experimentado nuestra sociedad en los últimos años, han repercutido notablemente en el ámbito educativo, y por tanto, en sus profesionales, de tal modo que parece necesaria una revisión y transformación de su formación, para poder dar respuestas a las demandas y a las necesidades educativas de hoy. Desde nuestro punto de vista, la formación inicial constituye uno de los ejes vertebradores de toda formación, por ello, en este trabajo presentamos dos actividades desarrolladas en 1º del Grado de Educación Infantil, que forman parte de nuestra propuesta académica. Propuesta basada en un modelo de aprendizaje que supone la creación de un espacio educativo abierto, caracterizado por el desarrollo de competencias, en un ambiente participativo y de colaboración, donde la práctica y la teoría están en constante interacción. Nuestro alumnado tuvo que enfrentarse al reto de diseñar, planificar, organizar, realizar y evaluar una actividad con un grupo de niños del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil, así como colaborar y participar en unas Jornadas educativas organizadas por diferentes colegios de la provincia. Tras evaluar la experiencia los resultados han sido muy satisfactorios, podemos afirmar que nuestro alumnado ha empezado a desarrollar un profesionalismo práctico, que da sentido al conocimiento teórico aprendido y hemos conseguido una integración absoluta entre la teoría y la práctica educativa, consiguiendo un mayor acercamiento entre la universidad y la escuela.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Proyecto de aprendizaje-servicio para la formación inicial del maestro/a de educación infantil desde contextos reales

En este trabajo se presentan los principales elementos de un Proyecto de Coordinación Docente desarrollado en el curso académico 2016/17, en 1º curso del Grado de Maestro/a de Educación Infantil de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Málaga. En él se han unificado principios y prácticas de las asignaturas de “Hacia una escuela inclusiva: modelos y prácticas”, “Organización Escolar en la Educación Infantil” y “Didáctica aplicada a la Educación Infantil”. La finalidad ha sido provocar en el alumnado el conocimiento, a través de la experiencia de su práctica real, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar y reflexiva partiendo de los contenidos de las tres disciplinas. Como eje conductor, el aprendizaje han pivotado sobre un Proyecto de Aprendizaje-Servicio a la comunidad, en este caso, la mejora del Patio de Recreo de una Escuela de Infantil de la localidad, procurando convertirlo en un patio lúdico y educativo, donde cada una y cada uno de los niños vea facilitado su derecho al juego. Dicho proyecto ha posibilitado que nuestro alumnado pueda construir una visión de las asignaturas como recursos para dar respuestas a una única realidad, que es a lo que se enfrentarán en su futuro profesional. Igualmente, ha facilitado el aprendizaje a partir de otros tiempos y espacios didácticos más abiertos e integrales, mediante el trabajo colaborativo de docentes y alumnado y centrando la enseñanza en el aprendizaje. La evaluación del proyecto continúa abierta, aunque en este trabajo ya se aportan algunas conclusiones.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Effect of Parity on Reproductive Performance and Composition of Sow Colostrum during First 24 h Postpartum

©. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ccby/4.0/ This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in [Animals]. To access the final edited and published work see [https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101853]The aim of this study is to assess the e ects of parity number on sow reproductive performance and the chemical and immunological composition of colostrum and immunoglobin concentrations in the sera of the sows. Colostrum samples were collected at 0, 6 and 24 h after the births of the first piglets from 56 sows with di erent numbers of parturitions (ranging 1–6). The piglets born alive to primiparous sows had lower birth weights (p < 0.05) than piglets from second and fourth parturition sows. The colostrum composition was influenced (p < 0.05) by parity number: primiparous sows had higher concentrations of dry matter, fat, lactose and non-fat-solids. No parity-dependent di erences were found concerning total protein amount. Colostrumcomposition was drastically a ected (p < 0.001) by sampling time—the highest concentrations of dry matter and protein and lowest concentrations of fat and lactose were found immediately after parturition (0 h). The study revealed no e ect of parity (p 0.05) on the concentrations of immunoglobulins in colostrum. The immunoglobulin with the highest level in sow serum at day 110 of gestation was IgG, while IgA showed the lowest values and greater variability with respect to parity from an immunological point of view. Regarding the relationship between serum Ig levels at the end of gestation and colostrum Ig, serum IgG showed a strong correlation with colostrum IgG and IgM, while colostrum IgG was strongly related with colostrum IgM, but not with IgA. IgA did not correlate with any other immunoglobulin. The di erent behaviors of the immunoglobins in colostrum were probably due to IgG coming almost exclusively from the sows’ sera, whereas IgA is mainly synthetized by the mammary glan

La cronobiología: una herramienta de apoyo a la docencia

[SPA] En esta comunicación se propone la realización de un taller teórico-práctico, en el que alumnos de ESO podrán reforzar y adquirir nuevos conocimientos de Ciencias de la naturaleza, Biología y Geología, y Ciencias sociales, recogidos en el Anexo II del Real Decreto 1631/2006, mediante la realización de determinados experimentos y observaciones de situaciones cotidianas relacionadas con la Cronobiología, trabajando en distintos grupos, en función del curso al que pertenezcan. La Cronobiología es una ciencia cuyo objetivo es el estudio de los ritmos biológicos. Éstos son oscilaciones que sufren determinadas variables biológicas de forma regular y con un periodo determinado. Además, con esta innovadora forma de trabajo se pretenden alcanzar importantes objetivos como son la familiarización con las características básicas del trabajo científico, la interpretación de información de carácter científico y utilización de dicha información para formarse una opinión propia. Además, se pretende que los alumnos aprendan a valorar las aportaciones de las ciencias de la naturaleza para dar respuesta a las necesidades de los seres humanos y por supuesto la utilización de fuentes secundarias de información para la realización de pequeñas investigaciones.[ENG] The aim of this communication is to propose a theoretical and practical workshop to be carried out with Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) students, where their Natural Science, Biology and Geology curriculum under Annex II of RD 1631/2006 would be deepened and further developed. This would be achieved through a number of experiments and through the study and recording of everyday situations related to Chronobiology. These experiences would be developed by classifying the students in different groups according to their academic level. Chronobiology is the field of study that examines biological rhythms as biological patterns which are subject to a periodic or cyclic rhythm. Furthermore, by means of this innovative approach significant objectives may be attained, such as furthering the students’ awareness of the basic features of scientific research, helping them interpret scientific data and teaching them how to adequately use such information to develop a personal view on each subject. Students would acquire also a better knowledge of the contribution of Natural Sciences towards a better answer for the humans’ needs in all fields and, of course, they would learn how to use secondary information sources necessary to carry our basic research

Effects of the feeding level in early gestation on body reserves and the productive and reproductive performance of primiparous and multiparous sows

©. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in [Research un Veterinary Science]. To access the final edited and published work see [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.05.002]Early gestation may be the best period for sows to recover body reserve losses from previous lactation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of restricted feeding in early gestation on the body status, productive and reproductive performance, and hormonal-metabolic status of primiparous and multiparous sows. A total of 130 sows were randomly assigned to one of three feeding levels: Treatment I, which sows were fed at the level commonly used from day 3 to 28 of gestation (2.5 kg⋅d-1 of a diet with 2.18 Mcal NE⋅kg-1 and 13.72 g CP⋅kg-1), and Treatments II and III, where feed was increased by 25% and 50%, respectively. Sow body status, litter size and weight, early mortalities, reproductive rates, weaning-to-estrus interval, and hormones linked to metabolism were recorded. The highest weight gain, body condition score, and backfat thickness were found in sows fed Treatment III compared to those fed the usual feeding level (Treatment I). No differences among treatment groups were found in litter size or litter weight, although a tendency for more live born piglets and fewer stillbirths was found in sows fed Treatment III. In contrast, litters from sows fed at higher feeding levels had a higher mortality at 72 h compared to those fed at the lowest feeding level (I), which was partly linked to a higher percentage of piglets culled at birth and piglets weighing less than 800 g. There were no differences in conception and farrowing rates, leptin, progesterone, insulin, or cortisol among treatment groups applied in early gestation. In conclusion, increasing the feeding level in sows during early gestation to improve their short-term productive and reproductive performance remains controversial. Further studies are needed to focus on how the restricted feeding level applied could affect the viability and proportion of low-weight piglets

Comprehension of linear systems with two unknowns in secondary education

Over the past few years, teachers and researchers in mathematics education have emphasized the importance of students acquiring a comprehensive understanding of mathematics. However, during the process of learning mathematics in secondary education, some students encounter difficulties with various algebraic concepts. This article presents the key aspects of a descriptive and exploratory study conducted with two groups of Spanish students in the 4th year of secondary education, using a local model to interpret and evaluate their comprehension of linear systems of two equations with two unknowns. This research offers insights into the phenomenological, epistemological, and cognitive aspects exhibited by the students. In particular, the analysis focuses on the conceptual content of the students’ productions. Consistent with similar studies, the results indicate that the students’ comprehension of this algebraic knowledge is mainly technical, rote-based and non-meaningful, although some differences exist between the two groups under consideration. Furthermore, the article discusses how these findings may impact the design and implementation of educational proposals focused on improving students’ comprehension of this knowledge

Effects of Agro-Industrial Byproduct-Based Diets on the Growth Performance, Digestibility, Nutritional and Microbiota Composition of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.)

©2022. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Insects. To access the final edited and published work see https:// doi.org/10.3390/insects13040323The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of agro-industrial byproduct-based diets on the productive parameters, digestibility, insect composition, and gut microbiota of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae. Three formulations corresponding to three different levels of starch and protein were tested: one formulation based on bread remains and brewer’s yeast, representing a diet of high starch (61.1%) and low crude protein (18.5%) (HS-LP); and two formulations in which an additional four byproducts (courgette (Cucurbita pepo) remains, tigernut (Cyperus scelentus) pulp, brewer’s spent grains, and rice straw) were incorporated in different proportions, consistent with a diet of both moderate starch (29.8%) and crude protein (21.0%) (MS-MP); and another corresponding to a diet of low starch (20.0%) and high crude protein (26.3%) (LS-HP). A total of 1920 young larvae (average weight = 0.65 mg per larva) were used in this study. The larvae were randomly distributed into 16 replicates per treatment (boxes of 22.5 cm 14.0 cm 4.75 cm). Ten replicates for the growth performance–digestibility trial and six replicates for the complementary trial to determine uric acid levels in the frass were assigned per treatment. For growth performance, the diets were administered ad libitum during the experiment. The average number of days for the larvae to start pupating was lower in those reared on the HS-LP and LS-HP diets (88.90 and 91.00 days, respectively) than those on the MS-MP diet (120.09 days) (p < 0.001). The final individual weight was higher (p < 0.001) in larvae of the LS-HP group (168.69 mg) compared to those of the other groups (100.29 and 112.99 mg for HS-LP and MS-MP, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio was better (p < 0.001) in the HS-LP group with the lowest value (1.39 g/g), with dry matter digestibility being the highest for the same diet (70.38%) (p < 0.001). Mealworms reared on LS-HP and MS-MP diets had a higher crude protein content than those reared on the HS-LP diet (p = 0.039). The most abundant phyla in the gut microbiota of larvae were Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, with their abundance depending on the rearing substrate. The representation of Tenericutes phylum was higher (p < 0.05) in the mealworms reared on MS-MP and HS-LP diets, whereas Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were higher in abundance (p < 0.001) in the insects reared on LS-HP. In conclusion, the larval growth, digestibility, insect composition, and gut microbiota of Tenebrio molitor were found to depend on the composition of the administered diet, and the results suggest great potential for the use of agro-industrial byproducts in their rearing and production

Desafíos para la salud de las vacas durante el periodo de transición. Uso de monensina

The aim of this research was to carry out a review of the use of monensin in dairy cows as a choice to approach more successfully the transition period. In dairy cows, the transition for the pregnancy to the beginning of lactation is a critical period which is characterized by display a higher incidence of diseases. The risk of metabolic disorders and other diseases during this time is allied to the state of negative energy balance in which the cow is, fact that involves a mobilization of nutrients from the tissue reserves. One of the possible solutions to improve the nutrient balance during the transition period is based on dispense ionophores such as monensin who modify the microbial population of the rumen. The beneficial effects of monensin have been associated with the production of gluconeogenic precursors at the ruminal level which would lead to greater availability of glucose and the consequent improvement of the energetic status. At the blood level it has been noted a decrease of β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids. Beneficial effects have also been attributed to liver function, absorption of certain minerals and immune function.In brief, the positive effect of monensin on the energy balance and the use of nutrients would reduce the mobilization of tissue reserves, playing down the risk of metabolic disorders, improving the health and therefore the performance of the dairy cow.El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión de los efectos derivados del uso de monensina como alternativa para afrontar con mayor éxito el periodo de transición en vacas lecheras. En las vacas de leche, la transición de la preñez al inicio de la lactación es un periodo crítico que se caracteriza por presentar una mayor incidencia de enfermedades. En este periodo, el riesgo de que se presenten trastornos metabólicos y enfermedades está relacionado con el balance energético negativo en el que se encuentra la vaca, hecho que conlleva una movilización de nutrientes desde las reservas tisulares. Una de las posibles soluciones para mejorar el balance de nutrientes durante el período de transición consiste en administrar ionóforos como la monensina que actúan modificando la población microbiana del rumen. Los efectos beneficiosos de la monensina se han asociado a la producción de precursores gluconeogénicos a nivel ruminal, lo que originaría mayor disponibilidad de glucosa y la consiguiente mejora del estatus energético. Con el uso de monensina, a nivel sanguíneo se ha observado un descenso de β-hidroxibutirato, y ácidos grasos no esterificados. También han sido atribuidos efectos beneficiosos sobre la funcionalidad hepática, la absorción de ciertos minerales, la función inmune y la excreción de metano. En definitiva, el efecto positivo de la MON sobre el balance energético y la utilización de nutrientes reduciría la movilización de reservas tisulares, minimizando el riesgo de desórdenes metabólicos, mejorando la salud y por tanto el rendimiento de la vaca lechera

Effect of Alliaceae Extract Supplementation on Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pig

©2020. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Animals. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091557The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether an Allium spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds, such as propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO), added to the feed of growing-finishing pigs at 5 g/kg enhances growth performance or a ects the fecal microbiome, the levels of short-chain fatty acids, or the antioxidant capacity of the animals. Fifty male growing pigs (large white) of 23.07 2.87 kg average body weight were randomly allotted to two treatments in a 103-day trial. The trial was divided into two periods, an initial growing phase (56-days) and a finishing phase (47-days). Two dietary treatments for each phase (growing and finishing) were used: a control diet (CON) and an experimental diet consisting of the control diet to which 5 g/kg of Allium spp. extract was added to substitute sepiolite (GAR). Throughout the study, body weight, average daily gain (kg/day, ADG), feed intake (kg/day), and feed conversion ratio (kg/kg) were measured, while the backfat thickness and muscle depth were determined at the end of the study. Besides, feces samples were taken for bacterial counts by means of real-time PCR and short- chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile determination, and the antioxidant capacity was assessed in serum and saliva. In the animals receiving Allium spp. extract (5 g/kg) in the feed, ADG increased (p < 0.05) throughout the trial, Salmonella spp. and Clostridium spp. counts in feces had decreased (p < 0.05) when measured on day 56, and, by day 103, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and Enterobacteriaceae counts had decreased (p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus spp. counts had increased (p < 0.01) in feces. Regarding the SCFA profile in feces and antioxidant capacity measured in serum and saliva, supplementation with Allium spp. extract significantly increased the levels of propionic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids and the percentage of total branched fatty acids, while the c2/c3 and (c2 + c4)/c3 ratios were lower (p < 0.05) in feces; the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity levels in serum were significantly higher in the same pigs on day 103 than on day 0. Consequently, based on the current results, Allium spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds, added to the diet at 5 g/kg,had a beneficial e ect on the microbiota and would seem to be a possible alternative for increasing the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. However, further studies on the e ects of Allium spp. supplementation on carcass quality are necessary