Comparison of subject characteristics of MCI converters (converters), MCI non-converters (non-converters) and healthy controls (HC) at baseline.

<p>P-values were determined by ¹Analysis of variance (ANOVA), ²student’s independent t-test, SD = standard deviation.</p

Results of neuropsychological tests at baseline and follow-up.

a<p>Repeated measures ANOVA adjusted for baseline age, education and sex,</p>b<p>CERAD battery, mean ± standard deviation, healthy controls (HC), MCI-c (MCI converters), MCI –nc (MCI non-converters), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), change from baseline to follow-up: **Wilcoxon Test p<0.001, *Wilcoxon Test p<0.05.</p

Shows significant gray matter atrophy in MCI converters in comparison to MCI non-converters.

a<p>independent <i>t</i>-test,</p>b<p>L = left, R = right, Cluster level (Cl), Brodmann Area (BA), Talairach coordinates (T.c), Significant clusters (k≥100 voxels/p<0.001 uncorr.^a) showing gray matter loss in MCI converters (n = 13) in comparison to MCI non-converters (n = 14) using analysis of T1-weighted images corrected for age.</p

GM loss in MCI converters in comparison to MCI non-converters.

<p>T1 Results of comparison of MCI converters and MCI non-converters by using an independent t-test (covariate age, significant clusters: k≥100 voxels/p<0.001 uncorr., threshold 0.1, 6 mm slices). Areas which showed more GM atrophy in MCI converters are superimposed. MCI converters show more GM loss of the frontal lobe bilaterally, the left parietal and temporal lobe, the left putamen, the left insula and the right parahippocampal gyrus.</p

Comparison of ADC values reflecting MD (MCI-converters vs. healthy controls, MCI converters vs. MCI non-converters).

<p>left: shows increase in MD in MCI converters in comparison to MCI non-converters. Significant clusters (k≥100 voxels/p<0.001 uncorr.^a), right: increase in MD in MCI converters in comparison to healthy controls. Significant clusters (k≥100 voxels/p<0.001 uncorr.^a).</p

Shows group differences of GM atrophy of MCI converters in comparison to healthy controls.

a<p>independent <i>t</i>-test,</p>b<p>L = left, R = right, Cluster level (Cl), Brodmann Area (BA), Talairach coordinates (T.c), Significant clusters (k≥100 voxels/p<0.001 uncorr.^a) showing gray matter loss in MCI converters (n = 13) in comparison to healthy controls (n = 28) using analysis of T1-weighted images corrected for age.</p

Results of multiple regression analysis with neuropsychological test results.

<p>Results of multiple regression analysis of all 55 participants (13 MCI converters, 14 MCI non-converters, 28 healthy controls) adding neuropsychological test results (MMSE, Clox 1, verbal memory, visual memory, Trail A) as covariates. Worse neuropsychological test results for the variables MMSE and verbal memory were positively correlated with higher gray matter atrophy of the left Putamen/Sub-lobar (coordinates <i>x</i> = −14, <i>y</i> = 8, <i>z</i> = −11, <i>k</i> = 1163, <i>T</i> = 4.26, <i>Z</i> = 3.91, <i>p uncorr</i>. = 0.000) (left) and the left inferior frontal gyrus (right) (coordinates <i>x</i> = −39, <i>y</i> = 23, <i>z</i> = −2, <i>k</i> = 206, <i>T</i> = 4.19, <i>Z</i> = 3.85, <i>p uncorr</i>. = 0.000).</p

Associations between patient and caregiver related factors and driving status: Results of logistic regression analysis.

<p>Abbreviations: OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval, MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination, CDR = Clinical dementia rating, CERAD = Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease, NPI = Neuropsychiatric Inventory, DAD = Disability Assessment for Dementia, ZBI = Zarit Burden Interview.</p

Significant associations between patient- and caregiver related factors and driving status: Results of univariate statistical analysis.

<p>SD = Standard Deviation, IQR = interquartile range.</p>†<p>Mann-Whitney-U-Test.</p>‡<p>χ² Test. #Student’s t-test. Abbreviations: MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination, CDR = Clinical dementia rating, CERAD = Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease, NPI = Neuropsychiatric Inventory, DAD = Disability Assessment for Dementia, ZBI = Zarit Burden Interview.</p