Electrochemical reduction of carbamazepine in ethanol and water solutions using a glassy carbon electrode

The electrochemical reduction of carbamazepine in ethanol and water using a glassy carbon electrode has been studied. In all experimental conditions of scan rate and concentration of carbamazepine an irreversible cathodic wave was observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrochemical parameters and a plausible EqC mechanism have been reported from the electrochemical measurements and digital simulation. The values of thermodynamic E1/2 were correlated with solvent polarity parameters that it can be interesting for biological, pharmaceutical and forensic purposes. Limits of Detection (LOD) for DPV are 1.1 and 9.0 g/mL (4.65x10-6 and 3.81x10-5 M) in ethanol and water, respectively. The precision and recoveries obtained for tablets and plasma samples showed that the method could be successfully used for analysis

Insulin and GLP-1 infusions demonstrate the onset of adipose-specific insulin resistance in a large fasting mammal: potential glucogenic role for GLP-1.

Prolonged food deprivation increases lipid oxidation and utilization, which may contribute to the onset of the insulin resistance associated with fasting. Because insulin resistance promotes the preservation of glucose and oxidation of fat, it has been suggested to be an adaptive response to food deprivation. However, fasting mammals exhibit hypoinsulinemia, suggesting that the insulin resistance-like conditions they experience may actually result from reduced pancreatic sensitivity to glucose/capacity to secrete insulin. To determine whether fasting results in insulin resistance or in pancreatic dysfunction, we infused early- and late-fasted seals (naturally adapted to prolonged fasting) with insulin (0.065 U/kg), and a separate group of late-fasted seals with low (10 pM/kg) or high (100 pM/kg) dosages of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) immediately following a glucose bolus (0.5g/kg), and measured the systemic and cellular responses. Because GLP-1 facilitates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, these infusions provide a method to assess pancreatic insulin-secreting capacity. Insulin infusions increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor and Akt in adipose and muscle of early and late fasted seals; however the timing of the signaling response was blunted in adipose of late fasted seals. Despite the dose-dependent increases in insulin and increased glucose clearance (high dose), both GLP-1 dosages produced increases in plasma cortisol and glucagon, which may have contributed to the glucogenic role of GLP-1. Results suggest that fasting induces adipose-specific insulin resistance in elephant seal pups, while maintaining skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, and therefore suggests that the onset of insulin resistance in fasting mammals is an evolved response to cope with prolonged food deprivation

Editorial on Research Topic: High-Tc Superconductivity in Electron-Doped Iron Selenide and Related Compounds

In this editorial, we first give a brief survey of the field of iron-selenide superconductivity, both in the case of bulk FeSe characterized by the co-existence of superconductivity and nematic order, and in the case of electron-doped FeSe characterized by high-temperature superconductivity. We next review the 8 contributions to the Frontiers in Physics research topic "High-Tc Superconductivity in Electron-Doped Iron Selenide and Related Compounds".Comment: 3 page

Trabajo infantil y adolescente en el Perú en el 2012

Peru has shown a high incidence of child and adolescent labor. One of the concerns that this generates is whether child and adolescent labor implies less school attendance. This work tests the association between work and school of children and adolescents, on the one hand, and the association between some characteristics of children, their families and the context in which they reside. El Perú viene mostrando una alta incidencia de trabajo infantil y adolescente. Una de las preocupaciones que este hecho genera es si el trabajo infantil y adolescente implica menor asistencia a la escuela. Este trabajo somete a prueba la asociación entre el trabajo y la escuela de los niños y adolescentes, por un lado, y la asociación entre algunas características de los menores, sus familias y el contexto en el que residen

Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Triggers the Retrograde Response Extending Yeast Replicative Lifespan

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, loss of mitochondrial DNA (rho0) can induce the retrograde response under appropriate conditions, resulting in increased replicative lifespan (RLS). Although the retrograde pathway has been extensively elaborated, the nature of the mitochondrial signal triggering this response has not been clear. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was severely reduced in rho0 compared to rho+ cells, and RLS was concomitantly extended. To examine the role of MMP in the retrograde response, MMP was increased in the rho0 strain by introducing a mutation in the ATP1 gene, and it was decreased in rho+ cells by deletion of COX4. The ATP1-111 mutation in rho0 cells partially restored the MMP and reduced mean RLS to that of rho+ cells. COX4 deletion decreased MMP in rho+ cells to a value intermediate between rho+ and rho0 cells and similarly increased RLS. The increase in expression of CIT2, the diagnostic gene for the retrograde response, seen in rho0 cells, was substantially suppressed in the presence of the ATP1-111 mutation. In contrast, CIT2 expression increased in rho+ cells on deletion of COX4. Activation of the retrograde response results in the translocation of the transcription factor Rtg3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Rtg3–GFP translocation to the nucleus was directly observed in rho0 and rho+ cox4Δ cells, but it was blunted in rho0 cells with the ATP1-111 mutation. We conclude that a decrease in MMP is the signal that initiates the retrograde response and leads to increased RLS

Dieulafoy\u27s lesion as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a Hispanic male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Introduction: Dieulafoy\u27s lesion is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. It accounts for 1.5 to 2% of reported acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and has been linked to alcoholism and antiplatelet drug use. Unfortunately, the exact prevalence in the Hispanic population is unknown. Case report: A 40-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse and liver cirrhosis presented to the emergency room with complaints of frank hematemesis of 1 day duration. He was found to be diaphoretic, tachycardic (118), hypotensive (BP: 77/49), Hb - 6.2g/dl and with an INR of 1.92 (N: 0.8-1.2). Initial working diagnosis of esophageal varices was made, and he was resuscitated with packed red blood cells, plasma, and platelets. He was later scheduled for an EGD, and endoscopic findings revealed a Dieulafoy’s lesion in the cardia of the patient’s stomach. The lesion was injected with epinephrine and endoclipped. Unfortunately, despite these interventions, the patient passed the same day due to unresponsive hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion: The treatment of Dieulafoy’s lesion consists of therapeutic endoscopy, angiographic intervention, and surgical evaluation if refractory to previously mentioned methods. Due to the potentially life-threatening nature of Dieulafoy’s lesions, prompt recognition and appropriate management should be of utmost importance

Flexural properties and failure mechanism assessment for additive manufactured lom bars on different building orientations

Plastic Laminated Object Manufacturing has not been assessed from the flexural properties point of view. The deflection range in parts manufactured by this technique is wider than in parts fabricated by other additive manufacturing methods like SLS or FDM. This fact has increased the interest on the final application of these parts rather than restricted to Rapid Prototyping applications. In this study it will be compared the impact of building orientation and geometric features of parts over the flexural properties. Through optical observation it will be studied the failure mechanism.Postprint (published version