5 research outputs found
Quantitative Profiling of Ester Compounds Using HS-SPME-GC-MS and Chemometrics for Assessing Volatile Markers of the Second Fermentation in Bottle
A quantitative approach using HS-SPME-GC-MS
was performed to investigate
the ester changes related to the second fermentation in bottle. The
contribution of the type of base wine to the final wine style is detailed.
Furthermore, a discriminant model was developed based on ester changes
according to the second fermentation (with 100% sensitivity and specificity
values). The application of a double-check criteria according to univariate
and multivariate analyses allowed the identification of potential
volatile markers related to the second fermentation. Some of them
presented a synthesis-ratio around 3-fold higher after this period
and they are known to play a key role in wine aroma. Up to date, this
is the first study reporting the role of esters as markers of the
second fermentation. The methodology described in this study confirmed
its suitability for the wine aroma field. The results contribute to
enhance our understanding of this fermentative step
Digestibility of (Poly)phenols and Antioxidant Activity in Raw and Cooked Cactus Cladodes (<i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i>)
This study aims to investigate whether
heat treatment applied to
cactus cladodes influences the bioaccessibility of their (poly)Āphenolic
compounds after simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. A total
of 45 (poly)Āphenols were identified and quantified in raw and cooked
cactus cladodes by ultra high performance liquid chromatography photodiode
array detector high resolution mass spectrometry. Both flavonoids
(60ā68% total), mainly isorhamnetin derivatives, and phenolic
acids (32ā40%) with eucomic acids as the predominant ones significantly
(<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased with microwaving and griddling
processes. After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, 55ā64%
of the total (poly)Āphenols of cooked cactus cladodes remained bioaccessible
versus 44% in raw samples. Furthermore, digestive conditions and enzymes
degraded or retained more flavonoids (37ā63% bioaccessibility)
than phenolic acids (56ā87% bioaccessibility). Microwaved cactus
cladodes contributed the highest amount of (poy)Āphenols (143.54 mg/g
dm) after gastrointestinal process, followed by griddled samples (133.98
mg/g dm), showing the highest antioxidant capacity. Additionally,
gastrointestinal digestion induced isomerizations among the three
stereoisomeric forms of piscidic and eucomic acids
Bioavailability of Black Tea Theaflavins: Absorption, Metabolism, and Colonic Catabolism
Data obtained with in vitro fecal
incubations and a feeding study
indicate black tea theaflavin and its galloyl derivatives are not
absorbed in detectable amounts in either the upper or lower gastrointestinal
tract. The theaflavin skeleton is comparatively resistant to degradation
by colonic bacteria with a 67% recovery being obtained after a 24
h incubation, which yielded 21 phenolic and aromatic catabolites.
The theaflavin galloyl moiety was removed by the microbiota, and the
released gallic acid further transformed to 3-<i>O</i>-
and 4-<i>O</i>-methyl gallic acids, pyrogallol-1-sulfate
and pyrogallol-2-sulfate, which were excreted in urine in amounts
equivalent to 94% of intake. The main urinary product potentially
derived from breakdown of the theaflavin skeleton was 3-(4ā²-hydroxyphenyl)Āpropionic
acid. A number of the colonic catabolites originating from gallic
acid and theaflavins has been reported to be bioactive in ex vivo
and in vitro models with a variety of potential modes of action
UHPLC-HRMS Spectrometric Analysis: Method Validation and Plasma and Urinary Metabolite Identification after Mango Pulp Intake
After an acute intake of 300 g of mango pureĢe
by 10 subjects,
0 and 24 h urine and plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance
liquid chromatographyāhigh-resolution mass spectrometry. The
method was first validated for 44 reference polyphenols in terms of
linearity, specificity, limits of detection and quantification, intra-day
and inter-day precision, recovery, and matrix effects in two biological
matrices. After method validation, a total of 94 microbial-derived
phenolic catabolites, including 15 cinnamic acids, 3 phenylhydracrylic
acids, 14 phenylpropanoic acids, 12 phenylacetic acids, 28 benzoic
acids, 2 mandelic acids, 15 hydroxybenzenes, and 5 hippuric acid derivatives,
were identified or tentatively identified in urine and/or plasma.
These results establish the value of the UHPLC-HRMS protocol and the
use of authentic standards to obtain a detailed and accurate picture
of mango polyphenol metabolites, together with their phase II conjugated
metabolites, in human bioavailability studies
Determination of Fatty Acids and Stable Carbon Isotopic Ratio in Subcutaneous Fat to Identify the Feeding Regime of Iberian Pigs
Discrimination
among the types of feeding regimes for Iberian pigs
is currently a highly demanded challenge by the Iberian pig sector.
In the present research, discrimination among feeding regimes has
been achieved by the combination of two analytical methods (based
on FAMEs analysis by GCāFID and determination of Ī“<sup>13</sup>C by IRMS) previously used independently without success.
In the present study, 80 samples of adipose tissue from Iberian pigs
subjected to four different feedings were analyzed. The study of the
variables more influenced by the feeding regime has allowed us to
configure panels of markers with predictive power for the studied
feedings by multivariate ROC analysis. The results provided values
of specificity and sensitivity higher than 85% in most cases. The
statistical combination of results from different analytical methods
could be the key to develop models for the correct discrimination
of Iberian pigs according to the feeding regime