Model of the probability of occurrence of pneumonia.

<p>The probability of developing pneumonia is depicted using a proportional odds model. <i>p₁</i>, the probability of severe pneumonia; <i>p₂</i>, the probability of mild/moderate pneumonia; <i>x</i>, time until oseltamivir administration from symptom onset.</p><p></p><p></p>The solid line indicates the probability of occurrence of severe pneumonia (<i>p₁</i>). The dotted line indicates the probability of occurrence of any severity of pneumonia (mild to severe pneumonia, <i>p₁+p₂</i>).<p></p

Characteristics of study patients.

1<p>One-way ANOVA,</p>2<p>Chi-square test,</p>3<p>Kruskal-Wallis test,</p>4<p>Cochran-Armitage test.</p><p>Grouping of patients was based on the number of days from symptom onset to oseltamivir administration: Group 1, ≤2 days; Group 2, 3–7 days; Group 3, 8–14 days; Group 4, >14 days.</p><p>*Median number of days from symptom onset to oseltamivir administration among all study patients.</p><p>†Socioeconomic background, based on patient's approximate daily income: 0 = <$5 US, 1 =$6–$10, 2 =$11–$15, 3 =$16–$25, 4 =$26–$40, 5 = >$40.</p><p>‡COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p

Multivariate analysis of the severity of respiratory features using a proportional odds model.

<p>*Grouping of patients was based on the number of days from symptom onset to oseltamivir administration: Group 1, ≤2 days; Group 2, 3–7 days; Group 3, 8–14 days; Group 4, >14 days.</p>†<p>The odds ratio of socioeconomic level was presented when the level was upped by one unit as a continuous variable.</p>‡<p>AGE 1 (age <18 y), AGE 2 (age 18–50 y), AGE 3 (≥50 y).</p>§<p>Comorbidities are compared between present and absent.</p><p>χ2: Chi-square test.</p

Clinical features of the study patients on admission.

<p>Grouping of patients was based on the number of days from symptom onset to oseltamivir administration: Group 1, ≤2 days; Group 2, 3–7 days; Group 3, 8–14 days; Group 4, >14 days.</p><p>*Cochran-Armitage test.</p><p>†Chest radiological findings.</p

Laboratory data and physical findings for study patients at presentation^*.

<p>Grouping of patients was based on the number of days from symptom onset to oseltamivir administration: Group 1, ≤2 days; Group 2, 3–7 days; Group 3, 8–14 days; Group 4, >14 days.</p>†<p>WBC: white blood cell count,</p>‡<p>RBC: red blood cell count,</p>§<p>SpO₂: oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry in room air.</p><p>*Normal ranges are as follows: WBC, 4000–10 000; neutrophil count, 2200–8250; lymphocyte count, 1500–4000; RBC, 3.8–6.5; hemoglobin, 11.5–17.0; platelets, 150–400; albumin, 2.30–3.50; sodium, 138–150; respiratory rate, 12–20 per min in adults; SpO₂, 92–98% at sea level.</p><p>**One-way ANOVA.</p><p>SD denotes standard deviation.</p

Cumulative rate of hospital discharge as a function of the time of oseltamivir administration.

<p>The cumulative rate of hospital discharge in each group using Kaplan-Meier's method was calculated using data on death as censored data. The groups of patients with earlier oseltamivir administration were discharged from the hospital significantly earlier (p<0.001, Tarone's test). Grouping of patients was based on days from symptom onset to oseltamivir administration: Group 1, ≤2 ; Group 2, 3–7; Group 3, 8–14; Group 4, >14days.</p

Severity of respiratory features in each group.

<p>(P<0.001, Jonckheere's test).</p><p>Grouping of patients was based on the number of days from symptom onset to oseltamivir administration: Group 1, ≤2 days; Group 2, 3–7 days; Group 3, 8–14 days; Group 4, >14 days.</p><p>*Severe pneumonia: abnormal shadows on chest radiographs and required mechanical ventilation.</p>†<p>Moderate/mild pneumonia: abnormal shadows on chest radiographs but did not require mechanical ventilation.</p>‡<p>Upper respiratory tract infection: absence of pneumonia.</p