O GRUPO PASSA DOIS (FORMAÇÕES CORUMBATAÍ E ESTRADA NOVA) NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL: FONTE DE MATÉRIA PRIMA PARA A INDÚSTRIA CERÂMICA: The Passa Dois Group (Corumbataí and Estrada Nova Formations) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: source of raw material for the ceramic industry

Studies show the clayey rocks of the Passa Dois Group, including Corumbataí and Estrada Nova formations, and excluding Irati formation- Permian of Paraná sedimentary basin, present variations in their geological and ceramic technological properties along their occurrence strip in the State of Sao Paulo. These variations are related from different sedimentary facies to diagenetic modification processes and hydrothermal and tectonic events during post depositional evolution. In the Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Pole, in the central São Paulo State, Brazil, the Corumbataí Fm. clays supply the wall and floor ceramic tiles industry as the main raw material. In addition, in the Porto Ferreira/Tambau and Laranjal Paulista/Cesário Lange poles, located less than 100 km far from Santa Gertrudes, Corumbatai clays are mainly used to manufacture structural ceramic products. The main difference between these clays is the higher presence of Na2O in the Santa Gertrudes pole, due to de presence of albite in clays, which given to these material an important fluxing role in the ceramic sintering process. This fact allows the local industries to manufacture a huge amount of floor and wall ceramic tiles by using dry route making process, mainly classified as semi porous type (Water Absorption Group BIIb, according to Brazilian and worldwide ceramic tile classification). In the poles of Tambau/Porto Ferreira and Laranjal Paulista/Cesário Lange, according to the ceramic results obtained, the majority of the samples were classified as a porous material (Group BIII). It should be noted that the different lithofacies found in the rocks of the Passa Dois Group allow them to be used not only for the production of structural ceramics and semi-porous and porous ceramic plates, but also in the updating of masses in the production of porcelain and stoneware.Os resultados mostraram que as rochas argilosas do Grupo Passa Dois, exclusive a Formação Irati, representadas pelas Formações Corumbataí e Estrada Nova apresentaram variações nas suas propriedades geológicas e tecnológicas ao longo de sua ocorrência no Estado de São Paulo. Estas variações são resultantes de uma interação complexa de processos atuantes durante e após a sua deposição na bacia sedimentar do Paraná o que direcionou seu aproveitamento como matéria-prima cerâmica. A Formação Corumbataí representa a principal fornecedora de matéria-prima para a indústria cerâmica tradicional, em especial a de revestimento cerâmico. O diferencial da matéria-prima da Formação Corumbataí localizada no polo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes em relação aos outros polos produtores é a presença elevada do Na2O dada principalmente pelo feldspato sódico albita sendo este um elemento fundente essencial no processo de sinterização cerâmica facilitando a fabricação de revestimentos cerâmico semi-poroso por via seca, classificados como BIIb de acordo com grupos de absorção de água. Em outras regiões produtoras, aqui designados informalmente de polos de Tambaú/Porto Ferreira e Laranjal Paulista/Cesário Lange, de acordo com os resultados cerâmicos obtidos, a maioria das amostras foram classificadas como poroso (BIII). Deve-se salientar que as diferentes litofácies encontradas nas rochas do Grupo Passa Dois permitem utilizá-las não somente para a produção de cerâmica estrutural e de placas cerâmicas semi-porosas e porosas, mas também na formulação de massas na produção de porcelanatos e grés. &nbsp

ARGILAS DA FORMAÇÃO PARIQUERA-AÇU: GEOLOGIA, GEOQUÍMICA E SUA APLICAÇÃO COMO MATÉRIA-PRIMA CERÂMICA: Clays from the Pariquera-Açu Formation: geology, geochemistry and its application as ceramic raw material

The present work had as main focus to study the lake facies of the Pariquera-Açu Formation as a source of raw material for the ceramic tile industry, especially in the production of porcelain tiles. To achieve the proposed objectives, the geological study was carried out through the mapping and recognition of the present lithologies, where samples were collected and later sent to laboratories for the analysis of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, cation exchange capacity and characterization technology for use as ceramic tiles. According to the results obtained, the lithological set of these facies is essentially represented by clay and plastic rocks, presenting an essentially silica aluminous composition with a high content of SiO2 and Al2O3 oxides, where the minerals quartz, microcline and calcite and the kaolinite and mineral minerals predominate. Illita. According to the technological results, most of the samples were classified in Groups BIII (porous) and BIIb (semi-porous). The low results of dry MRF and melting elements of the studied samples, limit its use as a single raw material in the production of ceramic coating by dry and wet by way, however some samples showed high dry density (DA) and burning color clear, which allows it to be used in the composition of masses for the manufacture of glazed porcelain tiles by the wet process. Keywords: porcelain tiles, Pariquera-Açu Formation, Valley Ribeira, raw material ceramic, lithogeochemistry.O presente trabalho teve como foco principal, estudar as fácies lacustres da Formação Pariquera-Açu como fonte de matéria-prima para a indústria cerâmica de revestimento, em especial na produção de porcelanato. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foi realizado o estudo geológico através do mapeamento e reconhecimento das litologias presentes, onde amostras foram coletadas e posteriormente encaminhadas para laboratórios para a realização das análises de Difração de raios X, Fluorescencia de raios X, capacidade de troca catiônica e caracterização tecnológica para uso como revestimento cerâmico. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o conjunto litológico destas fácies é representado essencialmente por rochas argilosas e plásticas, apresentando composição essencialmente sílico aluminosa com alto conteúdo dos óxidos de SiO2 e Al2O3, onde predominam os minerais quartzo, microclínio e calcita e os argilominerais caulinita e illita. De acordo com os resultados tecnológicos, a maioria das amostras foram classificadas nos Grupos BIII (poroso) e BIIb (semi-poroso). Os baixos resultados de MRF á seco e de elementos fundentes das amostras estudadas, limitam seu uso como matéria-prima única na produção de revestimento cerâmico por via seca e úmida, porém algumas amostras apresentaram densidade aparente (DA) à seco elevada e cor de queima clara, o que permite utiliza-lá na composição de massas para a fabricação de porcelanatos esmaltados pelo processo de via úmida. Palavras-chave: porcelanato, Formação Pariquera-Açu, Vale do Ribeira, matéria-prima cerâmica, litogeoquímica

Reintegração dos finos provenientes do beneficiamento de argila no processo de produção de revestimentos via seca

Na região de Rio Claro (SP), localiza-se o Pólo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes, responsável por cerca de 50% da produção nacional de revestimentos. Durante o beneficiamento da argila e preparação da massa, cerca de 2 a 3% argila fina é colocada em suspensão no ar, sendo quase toda retida nos filtros de manga. Esse material fino, por problemas de homogeneização ou tecnológico, representa perda de material e se constitui em um potencial agente de contaminação do ar e da água, necessitando ser armazenado. A presente pesquisa buscou viabilizar o aproveitamento do pó retido nos filtros, no próprio processo, através da granulação da massa por aspersão de barbotina preparada com o pó. Investigaram-se a composição ideal da barbotina e a influência dessa metodologia no produto final, comparando a massa granulada por aspersão com a massa-padrão.In the region of the Rio Claro (SP) is located the Santa Gertrude's Ceramic Pole, responsible for around 50% of the national ceramic tile manufactured. During the clay's ore treatment and powder preparation, 2 to 3 percent of the fine clay is lost in the air, in suspension. Almost all the material is restrained in bag filters. Currently, because of blending problems, this fine material represents a loss of material, which could become a potential agent for air and water contamination, and this material needs to be stored. This research examined the possible use for the filter-bag dust while in process, through granulation of the material by aspersion of the barbotine prepared with a powder. We investigated the ideal composition of the suspension and the influence of this method in the end product, comparing the granulated mass by aspersion with the standard mass

Propriedades reológicas de matérias-primas do Pólo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes provenientes da Formação Corumbataí (região de Rio Claro, SP)

Siltitos e argilitos da Formação Corumbataí são fontes de matéria-prima para a indústria cerâmica do Pólo de Santa Gertrudes. Litotipos provenientes de três minas (Tute, Granusso e Cruzeiro), localizadas na região de Rio Claro - SP, foram caracterizados quanto à curva de defloculação, conteúdo crítico de sólidos e tempo de envelhecimento (propriedades reológicas). Os litotipos representam desde a base até o topo da coluna estratigráfica dessa formação. Os resultados reológicos foram correlacionados com a composição mineralógica. Os representantes da base estratigráfica apresentaram boa defloculação, quase não necessitando adicionar defloculante, e, de forma geral, continham illita, feldspato, quartzo, hematita, clorita e interestraficados de clorita - argilomineral expansivo ou de illita - argilomineral expansivo. A maioria dos litotipos do topo defloculou, porém a quantidade ideal de defloculante foi superior aos adicionados às amostras da base. Os litotipos do topo continham carbonatos, além dos minerais supracitados. Uma amostra coletada no topo da mina Tute, com sinais evidentes de intemperismo, não defloculou. Os carbonatos presentes nos estratos superiores da formação e a alteração supérgena prejudicaram a defloculação. A quantidade máxima de sólidos na barbotina foi 66% em peso para os litotipos do topo da formação. Os litotipos testados apresentaram o fenômeno de envelhecimento da suspensão, porém as barbotinas, após 120 horas de seus preparos, ainda apresentavam viscosidades semelhantes àquelas usadas pela indústria de placas cerâmicas para revestimento.Siltstones and mudstones from the Corumbataí Formation are exploted as raw material for the ceramic industries of Santa Gertrudes' Cluster. Lithotypes from three quarries (Granusso, Tute and Cruzeiro), located in the Rio Claro region - SP - Brazil, were characterized rheologically (deflocculation curve, solid critic content and aging time), representing the entire stratigraphic column of this formation. The results obtained were correlated with the mineralogical composition. The lithotypes in the lower part of the formation deflocculated very well, with small doses of deflocculant, and were generally composed of illite, feldspar, quartz, hematite, chlorite, and interstratified (chlorite together with expansive clay minerals or illite together with expansive clay minerals). The majority of the lithotypes found at the top of the formation deflocculated. However, for this to occur, a greater amount of deflocculant was necessary, in comparison to the amount used for the bottom samples. The lithotypes found at the upper part contained the same minerals as the bottom, but in addition, carbonates were found. One of the samples, collected at the top of Tute quarry showed evidences of weathering and did not deflocculate. The carbonates at the top strata and the supergenic alteration damaged the deflocculation. The maximum amount of solids in the suspension was 66% in weight for the lithotypes from the top. The test samples presented characteristics of suspension aging, however after 120 hours their viscosity was similar to that used in the tile industry.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals