FATORES DE RISCO RELACIONADOS À OCORRÊNCIA DO TIMPANISMO ESPUMOSO EM BOVINOS CRIADOS NA REGIÃO DO AGRESTE MERIDIONAL DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL

Com o objetivo de se analisar os principais fatores de riscos associados à ocorrência do timpanismo espumoso em bovinos, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 60 casos clínicos da enfermidade, diagnosticados em bovinos atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, no período entre janeiro de 1989 a dezembro de 2007. Analisaram-se 60 fichas clínicas das quais foram resgatadas informações como alimentação, sistema de criação, época do ano, período de lactação, sexo e idade dos animais. Constatou-se que, dos 60 animais acometidos, 54 (90%) recebiam dietas com alto teor de concentrados e 41 (68,33%) possuíam a palma como um dos ingredientes alimentares. Para 48 (80%) animais, o sistema de criação verificado era de semi-intensivo a intensivo. A maioria dos animais acometidos era fêmea (57/60 – 95%); desses, 44 (84,08%) encontravam-se em lactação. A maior ocorrência (62%) dos casos de timpanismo espumoso foi registrada no período do verão. O fluido ruminal desses animais tinha o valor de pH que oscilava ente 7 e 8, a consistência era espumosa e havia comprometimento da fauna. Conclui-se que a associação de fatores como a oferta de dietas ricas em concentrados, durante o período de verão, para vacas nos dois primeiros trimestres de lactação, criadas num sistema semi-intensivo a intensivo de produção, devem ser considerados na etiopatogenia do timpanismo espumoso em bovinos na região do Agreste Meridional do Estado de Pernambuco – Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: epidemiologia; ruminantes; transtorno digestivo

INTOXICAÇÃO NATURAL DE BOVINOS LEITEIROS POR Cestrum laevigatum (SOLANACEAE) NO AGRESTE DE PERNAMBUCO – BRASIL

The aim of the present study was to report an outbreak of natural poisoning by Cestrum laevigatum in dairy cattle in the “Agreste” region of Pernambuco state, Brazil. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Among a lot of 60 cows, eight became ill and four died. Two cows underwent necropsy, during which fragments of the central nervous system, liver, gall bladder, spleen and kidney were collected for histopathlogical analysis. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical tests. The animals exhibited apathy, muscle tremors, reduced appetite, different degrees of dehydration and compromised reticulorumen dynamics as well as a small quantity of dry feces with the presence of mucus and blood. The laboratory exams revealed an increase in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase as well as hypoalbuminemia. The necropsy revealed an enlarged liver and cutting surface with a nutmeg aspect as well as areas of hemorrhaging in the heart, trachea, abomasum, spleen, intestine and bladder. The microscopic analysis revealed centrilobular hepatic necrosis associated to accentuated hemorrhaging. These findings characterized poisoning by Cestrum laevigatum and led to the adoption of control and prevention measures

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection