Resíduo agroindustrial da carnaúba como fonte de volumoso para a terminação de ovinos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ammonization with different levels of urea and the use of soybean grains as a urease source, for the improving of the chemical composition of carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) agroindustrial residue (BC). The levels of urea were 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% in relation to the percentage of total dry matter of BC and the levels of toasted soybean grains were 0 and 20%. Evaluations were also made for forage intake and performance of confined sheep subjected to diets with increasing levels of replacement of Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.) hay (FT) by BC: 100% FT, 25% BC plus 75% FT, 50% BC plus 50% FT, 75% BC plus 25% FT, and 100% BC. Thirty crossbred 80-day old weaned sheep with 17 kg initial average weight were used. Crude protein in the forage increased with the increasing doses of urea. Increases were also observed for neutral detergent fiber and cellulose contents and reductions were observed for roughage digestibility. The highest daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract and neutral detergent fiber were observed in animals fed only FT. Animal performance decreased with increase of BC in the diet.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da amonização com diferentes níveis de ureia e do uso de grãos de soja como fonte de urease, na melhoria da composição químico-bromatológica do resíduo agroindustrial da carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera), conhecido como bagana (BC). Os níveis de ureia utilizados foram 0, 2,5, 5, 7,5 e 10%, em relação à percentagem de matéria seca total da BC; e os níveis de grãos de soja tostados foram de 0 e 20%. Foram também avaliados o consumo de ração e o desempenho de cordeiros confinados, submetidos a dietas com níveis crescentes de substituição de feno de capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) (FT) pela BC: 100 FT; 25% BC e 75% FT; 50% BC e 50% FT; 75% BC e 25% FT; 100% BC. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros mestiços inteiros, recém-desmamados, com peso corporal médio de 17 kg e idade média em torno de 80 dias. Os teores de proteína bruta na forragem aumentaram com o aumento das dosagens de ureia. Foram observados, ainda, aumentos nos teores de fibra em detergente neutro e celulose e redução da digestibilidade da BC. Os consumos diários mais elevados de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro foram observados nos animais que receberam apenas FT como volumoso. O desempenho animal foi reduzido com o aumento da BC na dieta

Production and Perception of Agricultural Reuse in a Rural Community

There is a growing competition among the various sectors of society in the world for the use of water where agriculture stands out as a major consumer. Since it is carried out in a controlled manner, irrigation with effluents from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is a very attractive practice, as it allows a greater supply of water for nobler purposes. This work had the general objective of evaluating the perception of a rural community in the municipality of Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brasil, in terms of consumption and production of products cultivated with the practice of agricultural reuse. The local population showed acceptance for the cultivation and consumption of products through agricultural reuse, above all, with reliable information on the appropriate quality of the effluents used for irrigation. In the estimated data, the same community had a potential of production of corn, beans and cotton in the order of 19.8 tons, 3.4 tons and 7.7 tons respectively, with the use of treated sewage in irrigation

Resíduo agroindustrial da carnaúba como fonte de volumoso para a terminação de ovinos Agroindustrial residue of carnaúba as roughage for sheep fattening

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da amonização com diferentes níveis de ureia e do uso de grãos de soja como fonte de urease, na melhoria da composição químico-bromatológica do resíduo agroindustrial da carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera), conhecido como bagana (BC). Os níveis de ureia utilizados foram 0, 2,5, 5, 7,5 e 10%, em relação à percentagem de matéria seca total da BC; e os níveis de grãos de soja tostados foram de 0 e 20%. Foram também avaliados o consumo de ração e o desempenho de cordeiros confinados, submetidos a dietas com níveis crescentes de substituição de feno de capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) (FT) pela BC: 100 FT; 25% BC e 75% FT; 50% BC e 50% FT; 75% BC e 25% FT; 100% BC. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros mestiços inteiros, recém-desmamados, com peso corporal médio de 17 kg e idade média em torno de 80 dias. Os teores de proteína bruta na forragem aumentaram com o aumento das dosagens de ureia. Foram observados, ainda, aumentos nos teores de fibra em detergente neutro e celulose e redução da digestibilidade da BC. Os consumos diários mais elevados de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro foram observados nos animais que receberam apenas FT como volumoso. O desempenho animal foi reduzido com o aumento da BC na dieta.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ammonization with different levels of urea and the use of soybean grains as a urease source, for the improving of the chemical composition of carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) agroindustrial residue (BC). The levels of urea were 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% in relation to the percentage of total dry matter of BC and the levels of toasted soybean grains were 0 and 20%. Evaluations were also made for forage intake and performance of confined sheep subjected to diets with increasing levels of replacement of Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.) hay (FT) by BC: 100% FT, 25% BC plus 75% FT, 50% BC plus 50% FT, 75% BC plus 25% FT, and 100% BC. Thirty crossbred 80-day old weaned sheep with 17 kg initial average weight were used. Crude protein in the forage increased with the increasing doses of urea. Increases were also observed for neutral detergent fiber and cellulose contents and reductions were observed for roughage digestibility. The highest daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract and neutral detergent fiber were observed in animals fed only FT. Animal performance decreased with increase of BC in the diet

Carcass quality of sheep finished in confinement receiving increasing levels of bagana of carnauba Qualidade da carcaça de ovinos terminados em confinamento com níveis de bagana de carnaúba na dieta

It were evaluated the effects of bagana of carnauba (Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore) (BC), as roughage source, on carcass characteristics of lambs finished in confinement. Thirty crossbred weaned lambs with 16.9 + 1.56 kg initial average weight and 80-day of age were used. Five diets with increasing levels of substitution of tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.) hay (FT) by BC were set: 0%BC and 100%FT; 25%BC and 75%FT; 50%BC and 50%FT; 75%BC and 25%FT; 100%BC and 0%FT. The levels of moisture, protein and ash of meat were not affected by diets. The highest slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight and the yields of both hot carcass and cold carcass decreased as FT was replaced by BC. The chilling loss and fasting loss items were not affected by diets. The greatest values for lengths of carcass and ham, weight of ham, weight of shoulder and weight of loin were observed in control treatment, while the lower values were found in the treatment where the animals received only BC. It was observed effect of diets on percentages of bone tissues of ham and shoulder, and on percentages of bone, fat and connective tissue of the loin. It was concluded that the inclusion of bagana of carnauba in diet negatively interferes on intake and carcass quality of lambs in feedlot.Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da utilização da bagana de carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore) (BC), como fonte de volumoso, sobre as características da carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês x SRD desmamados, com peso corporal médio de 16,9 + 1,56 kg e idade média de 80 dias. Foram formuladas dietas com cinco níveis de substituição do feno de capim-tyfton 85 (Cynodon spp.) (FT) pela BC: 0%BC e 100%FT (testemunha); 25%BC e 75%FT; 50%BC e 50%FT; 75%BC e 25%FT; 100%BC e 0%FT. Os teores de umidade, proteína e cinzas da carne não foram influenciados pelas dietas. O peso ao abate, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria e os rendimentos de carcaça quente e de carcaça fria diminuíram à medida que o FT era substituído pela BC. Os itens quebra ao resfriamento e perda ao jejum não foram influenciados pelas dietas. Os valores mais elevados para comprimentos de carcaça e de pernil, peso de pernil, peso de paleta e pesos de pernil, de paleta e de lombo foram observados no tratamento testemunha, enquanto os valores mais baixos foram observados no tratamento que recebeu apenas BC. Verificou-se o efeito das dietas sobre as porcentagens de tecido ósseo no pernil e na paleta e sobre as porcentagens de tecido ósseo, conectivo e adiposo do lombo. Conclui-se que a inclusão da bagana de carnaúba na dieta interfere negativamente no consumo e, consequentemente, nas características qualitativas da carcaça de cordeiros em terminação

Economic Analysis of Thermal–Catalytic Process of Palm Oil (<i>Elaeis guineesensis,</i> Jacq) and Soap Phase Residue from Neutralization Process of Palm Oil (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>, Jacq)

Palm oil is, from an economic, environmental, and social point of view, a vegetable oil with great potential and the state of Pará-Brazil is Brazil’s great producer. In addition, soap phase residue or palm oil neutralization sludge (PONS), a byproduct of the neutralization step of the chemical refinement of palm oil, is produced, posing a huge problem for waste disposal and management in the production process of refined palm oil (RPO). In this context, this work aims to systematically investigate the economic analysis of the thermal–catalytic process of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm oil neutralization sludge (PONS). The thermocatalytic processes of CPO and PONS carried out at pilot scale and their economic feasibility were analyzed. The yields of biofuels produced by fractional distillation were also presented. The physicochemical properties of CPO and PONS, as well as those of organic liquid products obtained by the thermal–catalytic process of CPO and PONS were taken into account in the economic analysis. In addition, the chemical composition organic liquid products obtained by thermal–catalytic process of CPO and PONS, as well as its distillation fractions (green gasoline, green kerosene, green light diesel and heavy diesel), used as key factors/indicators on the economic analysis. The analysis of the key factors/indicators from the thermocatalytic processes of CPO and PONS showed economic viability for both crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) and palm oil neutralization sludge. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) obtained in this work for the biofuels was 1.59 USD/L using crude palm oil (CPO) and 1.34 USD/L using palm oil neutralization sludge (PONS). The best breakeven point obtained was of 1.24 USD/L considering the PONS. The sensibility analysis demonstrated that the pyrolysis and distillation yields are the most important variables that affect the minimum fuel-selling price (MFSP) in both economic analyses

Gravidez na adolescência e baixo peso ao nascer: existe associação? Embarazo en la adolescencia y bajo peso al nacer: ¿existe asociación? Pregnancy in teenagers and low birthweight infant: is there an association?

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre gravidez na adolescência (dez a 19 anos) e baixo peso ao nascer. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em maternidade terciária entre junho de 2000 a junho de 2001. Por sorteio aleatório simples, foram selecionadas mães adolescentes e não adolescentes entrevistadas no primeiro dia após o parto. Aplicou-se a análise multivariada por meio de regressão logística das variáveis implicadas com o baixo peso ao nascer. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionadas 539 duplas (mães e seus respectivos recém-nascidos), sendo 331 (61,4%) mulheres com 20 anos ou mais e 208 (38,5%) abaixo de 20 anos. Entre as adolescentes, 50 bebês (24%) tiveram idade gestacional <37 semanas, enquanto entre as mães acima de 20 anos, 52 (15,7%) eram prematuros (OR 1,58; IC95% 1,00-2,51). Entre as adolescentes, ocorreram 52 (25%) recém-nascidos com peso <2500g e, entre as adultas, 56 (16,9%) tinham baixo peso (OR 1,64; IC95% 1,05-2,56). Entre as que realizaram pré-natal adequado, a ocorrência de baixo peso foi de 12,3% e de 22,1% no grupo cuja assistência foi inadequada. Nesta casuística, a associação encontrada na análise univariada entre baixo peso e mãe adolescente não se manteve na análise multivariada. CONCLUSÕES: Baixo peso ao nascer em gestações na adolescência não pode ser atribuído isoladamente à idade materna.<br>OBJETIVO: Verificar la asociación entre embarazo en la adolescencia (10 a 19 años) y bajo peso al nacer. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en maternidad terciaria entre junio de 2000 a junio de 2001. Por sorteo aleatorio simple, se seleccionaron madres adolescentes y no adolescentes entrevistadas en el primer día después del parto. Se aplicó el análisis multivariado mediante regresión logística de las variables implicadas con el bajo peso al nacer. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 539 parejas (madres y sus respectivos recién-nacidos), siendo 331 (61,4%) mujeres con 20 años o más y 208 (38,5%) abajo de los 20 años. Entre las adolescentes, 50 bebés (24%) tuvieron edad gestacional <37 semanas, mientras que entre las madres con más de 20 años, 52 (15,7%) eran prematuros (OR 1,58; IC95% 1,00-2,51). Entre las adolescentes, ocurrieron 52 (25%) recién nacidos con peso <2.500g entre las adultas, 56 (16,9%) tenían bajo peso (OR 1,64; IC95% 1,05-2,56). Entre las que realizaron prenatal adecuado, la ocurrencia de bajo peso fue de 12,3% y de 22,1% en el grupo cuya asistencia fue inadecuada. En esa casuística, la asociación encontrada en el análisis bivariado entre bajo peso y madre adolescente no se mantuvo en el análisis multivariado. CONCLUSIONES: Bajo peso al nacer en gestaciones en la adolescencia no puede ser atribuido aisladamente a la edad materna.<br>OBJECTIVE: To study the association between teenage pregnancy (ten to 19 years old) and low birthweight. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out at a tertiary center from June 2000 to June 2001. A simple random drawing selected teenagers and adult mothers who were interviewed during the first day after birth. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression of variables related to low birthweight was applied. RESULTS: 539 pairs (mothers and their newborns) were studied - 331 (61.4%) women with 20 years old or more and 208 (38.5%) <20 years old. Among the adolescents, 50 (24%) infants had gestational age <37 weeks, whereas among mothers over 20 years old, 52 (15.7%) were preterm (OR 1.58; 95%CI 1.00-2.51). Among the adolescent and adult women, there were respectively 52 (25%) and 56 (16.9%) newborns <2500g (OR 1.64; 95%CI 1.05-2.56). Among those who had adequate prenatal care, low birth weight was detected in 12.3 and 22.1% of mothers with adequate and inadequate prenatal care, respectively. The association found in the univariate analysis between low birth weight and maternal age was not sustained in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Low birth weight in teenage pregnancies can not be attributed only to maternal age

Discovery and Characterization of Alamandine, a Novel Component of the Renin-Angiotensin System

The renin?angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of the cardiovascular system, electrolyte, and water balance. Here, we report identification and characterization of alamandine, a new heptapeptide generated by catalytic action of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 angiotensin A or directly from angiotensin-(1?7). To characterize a novel component of the RAS, alamandine. Using mass spectrometry we observed that alamandine circulates in human blood and can be formed from angiotensin-(1?7) in the heart. Alamandine produces several physiological actions that resemble those produced by angiotensin-(1?7), including vasodilation, antifibrosis, antihypertensive, and central effects. Interestingly, our data reveal that its actions are independent of the known vasodilator receptors of the RAS, Mas, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Rather, we demonstrate that alamandine acts through the Mas-related G-protein?coupled receptor, member D. Binding of alamandine to Mas-related G-protein?coupled receptor, member D is blocked by D-Pro7-angiotensin-(1?7), the Mas-related G-protein?coupled receptor, member D ligand ?-alanine and PD123319, but not by the Mas antagonist A-779. In addition, oral administration of an inclusion compound of alamandine/?-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin produced a long-term antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats and antifibrotic effects in isoproterenol-treated rats. Alamandine had no noticeable proliferative or antiproliferative effect in human tumoral cell lines. The identification of these 2 novel components of the RAS, alamandine and its receptor, provides new insights for the understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological role of the RAS and may help to develop new therapeutic strategies for treating human cardiovascular diseases and other related disorders

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data