Desarrollo de software para el diseño de antenas Yagi-Uda y reflector de esquina

The following document describes the development of a program for the design of Yagi-Uda and Corner Reflector antennas; it is understood by antenna any object designed to send and receive electromagnetic waves into free space. This work begins with a theoric study of the antennas: their characteristics, different types and their principal applications. The characteristics to be analyzed are the radiation patters in both planes, directivity and Front-to- Back gain, the last one is understood as the relationship in decibels between the gain in the direction of propagation and the gain in the opposite direction.En el presente documento se describe el desarrollo de un programa dedicado al diseño de antenas Yagi-Uda y Reflectores de Esquina; se entiende por antena a cualquier dispositivo diseñado con el objetivo de emitir o recibir ondas electromagnéticas hacia el espacio libre. Este trabajo inicia con un estudio teórico de antenas: sus características, diferentes modelos y sus principales aplicaciones. Las características que se van a analizar son los patrones de radiación en ambos planos, directividad y ganancia frente - espalda, entendiéndose la última como la relación en decibeles entre la ganancia en la dirección de propagación y la ganancia en la dirección opuesta

Prevalence, serovars, and risk factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in pork sold in public markets in Quito, Ecuador [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Background Salmonella enterica are bacteria that include more than 2,500 serovars. Most of these serovars have been linked to human foodborne illnesses, mainly related to poultry and pigs. Thus, these animals are considered the reservoirs of many Salmonella serovars and strains related to antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, serovars, β-lactam resistance genes, and the risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica in pork commercialized in open markets of Quito city. Methods For this, 165 pork meat samples were taken from municipal markets in three areas in the city. These samples were microbiologically processed following the ISO 6579-2014 standardized method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was used to identify Salmonella serotyping and resistance genes. Strains not identified by PCR were typed by the Kauffman White Le Minor scheme. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with the presence of the microorganism. Results Salmonella prevalence in pork was 9.1%. Identified serovars were 4, [5], 12: i:- (53.3%), Infantis (33.3%), and Derby (13.4%). Furthermore, the β-lactam resistance genes bla CTX-M-65 could be identified in three S. infantis isolates. Multivariate analysis showed that temperature (above 8°C) and cutting surfaces (wood) presented significant association values. Conclusions In conclusion, pork in traditional markets of Quito is contaminated with Salmonella enterica, whose main serovars pose a public health concern, and shows beta-lactam resistance

Los pueblos indios

En los países americanos 42 millones de habitantes son miembros de algunos de los 400 pueblos indígenas de tradición prehispánica. La mayoría de ellos aún se comunican en alguna de las 300 lenguas nativas que superviven. Los pueblos sometidos a la colonización, hablan de invasión y se preguntan ¿Se puede invitar a "conmemorar" ese lento exterminio de nuestra vida socio-cultural

Los pueblos indios

En los países americanos 42 millones de habitantes son miembros de algunos de los 400 pueblos indígenas de tradición prehispánica. La mayoría de ellos aún se comunican en alguna de las 300 lenguas nativas que superviven. Los pueblos sometidos a la colonización, hablan de invasión y se preguntan ¿Se puede invitar a "conmemorar" ese lento exterminio de nuestra vida socio-cultural

El racismo en el Ecuador : un problema de identidad (Versión preliminar).

Es común escuchar que los ecuatorianos "no somos racistas". Esta opinión, al parecer, señala la inexistencia en nuestro país de normas jurídicas o prácticas institucionales que discriminen a un individuo o grupo humano por su apariencia física. Sin embargo, esta apreciación está muy lejana a la realidad: en el Ecuador existe desprecio racial, fundamentalmente en contra de aquellos ciudadanos denominados displicentemente como "de color", de apariencia "aindiada" o "chola"

Powering prescription:Mitochondria as "Living Drugs" - Definition, clinical applications, and industry advancements

Mitochondria's role as engines and beacons of metabolism and determinants of cellular health is being redefined through their therapeutic application as "Living Drugs" (LDs). Artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T), encompassing various techniques to modify, enrich, or restore mitochondria in cells and tissues, is revolutionizing acellular therapies and the future of medicine. This article proposes a necessary definition for LDs within the Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products (ATMPs) framework. While recognizing different types of LDs as ATMPs, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, we focus on mitochondria due to their unique attributes that distinguish them from traditional cell therapies. These attributes include their inherent living nature, diverse sources, industry applicability, validation, customizability for therapeutic needs, and their capability to adapt and respond within recipient cells. We trace the journey from initial breakthroughs in AMT/T to the current state-of-the-art applications by emerging innovative companies, highlighting the need for manufacturing standards to navigate the transition of mitochondrial therapies from concept to clinical practice. By providing a comprehensive overview of the scientific, clinical, and commercial landscape of mitochondria as LDs, this article contributes to the essential dialogue among regulatory agencies, academia, and industry to shape their future in medicine