Additional file 1: of Parkinson disease polygenic risk score is associated with Parkinson disease status and age at onset but not with alpha-synuclein cerebrospinal fluid levels

Tables S1 – S6. (DOCX 38 kb

Additional file 1: of Genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease confer different cerebral cortex cell-type population structure

Supplementary results, tables and figures. (DOCX 2353 kb

List of reported^* pathogenic variants in genes for Alzheimer disease (AD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson disease (PD) detected in the familial cohort, the sporadic KANL cohort and the ADSP sporadic cohort.

<p>We provide the number and percentage of families (NF), cases (CA) and controls (CO) that were carriers of each variant.</p

Segregation pattern of reported pathogenic mutations detected in the familial cohort (452 families).

<p>The number of carriers and non-carriers in both affected and cognitively normal family members is displayed, along with the average AAO for cases and average ALA for controls. The first reference for each variant is also provided.</p

Burden test for KANL and ADSP unrelated datasets.

<p>Collapsing and combine (CMC) test of rare variants by Fisher's exact test for (i) variants with a MAF≤1% and categorized to have a high or moderated effect (MAF≤1% HM) and (ii) singleton variants categorized to have a high or moderated effect (AC1 HM), for the unrelated datasets analyzed in this study (unrelated KANL and Sporadic ADSP). Number of polymorphic variants (N), odds ratio (OR) and two sided pvalue (<i>P</i>) are given. Enriched genes with nominally significant pvalues are bold highlighted.</p

Demographic data for the cohorts employed in this study and analysis plan.

<p>Demographic data for the cohorts employed in this study and analysis plan.</p

Pedigree structure of families' carriers of genetic variants.

<p>(a) <i>PSEN1</i> p.(Ala79Val), (b) <i>PSEN2</i> p.(Met174Val), (c) <i>GRN</i> p.(Arg110*). Age at onset (AAO), age at last assessement (ALA) and APOE status is provided for each genotyped individual.</p

Identifying a Sustained Pathway to Multidimensional Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Two Chinese Provinces

Poor rural households in developing countries often endure many-faceted burdens including monetary poverty, nutrition deficiency and energy shortage due to reliance on limited local natural resources with low utilisation efficiency. We investigate a sustained pathway in rural China to escape the vicious circle between three important dimensions of poverty – deficiency of income, malnutrition and low energy consumption profile in terms of reliance on firewood. By exploiting household panel data, we identify three inter-locking deprivations. Firewood plantations offer short-term solutions to break them through income effects, while the effective long-term means are increasing agricultural labour productivity and provision of agricultural loans. There are no household-level returns to rural electrification or infrastructure.This research is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China (Grant No.: 15XNA005)