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Um levantamento sobre o processo de representação do conhecimento dos pequenso produtores de banana (Musa spp.) em Mangaratiba, RJ

The banana, the world's most widely produced and commercialized fruit, is grown in all tropical regions of the world, being strongly present in local businesses and subsistence crops serving as an important source of nutrients for the poorest populations. In the state of Rio de Janeiro it is commonly found in hillside and difficult access areas, where most other crops would not be able to settle and, because of this, is grown with inadequate management or insufficient, resulting in low productivity in the areas of Rio de Janeiro. The objective of the present work is to carry out a survey of smallholder information from the Vale do Rio Sahy Association in Mangaratiba, RJ, to enable the representation of knowledge in this domain. From the data collected in this research, it was realized that producers have been engaged in this activity for a long time. However, it was found that the knowledge used to production is extremely tacit, without systematization. The variety of banana species (Musa spp.) grown in the production area of the association's small farmers. The knowledge transfer process knowledge to the knowledge base of an expert system is called knowledge acquisition, where it involves extract all the knowledge from the source of the specialists to systematically represent in a coded form the domain information in an appropriate medium. It was observed, even if preliminarily, that this knowledge are not represented in a database for consultation. Thus, there is a need to define human expertise or producers capable of representing in a technological way data that can be conveniently accessed for Problem solving. In view of the evidence presented in the research, the use of representation of human knowledge (small local producers) to feed and train the system according to the domain presented. Thus, enabling the prototype to help understand climate and soil variables and collaborate in decision making.A banana (Musa spp.), fruta mais produzida e comercializada no mundo, é cultivada em todas as regiões tropicais do mundo, estando fortemente presente no comércio local e nas culturas de subsistência, servindo como importante fonte de nutrientes para as populações mais pobres. No estado do Rio de Janeiro é comumente encontrado em áreas de encostas e de difícil acesso, onde a maioria das outras lavouras não conseguiria se estabelecer e, por isso, é cultivado com manejo inadequado ou insuficiente, resultando em baixa produtividade nas áreas de. Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar um levantamento de informações dos produtores rurais da Associação Vale do Rio Sahy em Mangaratiba, RJ, para possibilitar a representação do conhecimento neste domínio. A partir dos dados coletados nesta pesquisa, percebeu-se que os produtores estão engajados nesta atividade há muito tempo. Porém, constatou-se que o conhecimento utilizado para a produção é extremamente tácito, sem sistematização. A variedade de espécies de bananeiras (Musa spp.) Cultivadas na área de produção dos pequenos agricultores da associação. O processo de transferência de conhecimento para a base de conhecimento de um sistema especialista é denominado aquisição de conhecimento, onde envolve extrair todo o conhecimento da fonte dos especialistas para representar sistematicamente de forma codificada as informações do domínio em um meio apropriado. Observou-se, ainda que preliminarmente, que esses conhecimentos não estão representados em um banco de dados para consulta. Assim, existe a necessidade de definir expertise humana ou produtores capazes de representar de forma tecnológica dados que possam ser convenientemente acessados para resolução de problemas. Tendo em vista as evidências apresentadas na pesquisa, o uso da representação do conhecimento humano (pequenos produtores locais) para alimentar e treinar o sistema de acordo com o domínio apresentado. Desta forma, possibilita que o protótipo ajude a entender as variáveis do clima e do solo e colabore na tomada de decisões

Smart agricultural environments using knowledge representation with the use of IoT: Bibliometric Review

This review aims to show how to collaborate to reduce malnutrition through cultivation in small urban areas for the production of healthy foods through technologies. Therefore, this paper is focused on knowledge representation for smart farms. In addition, mention the trends of the technologies covered, allowing us to infer how the state of the art in the area will develop in the near future. The survey was done through a bibliometric review conducted according to (PRISMA - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes), the protocol of preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. The results showed that the most covered topics when talking about Intelligent Systems for agricultural environments using knowledge representation are expert systems with the use of rules, because it is the best known way of representing knowledge currently used in small systems using production systems to encode condition-action rules

Preliminary Study on the Application of the Python Language as a Tool for the Randomization of Laboratory Experiments: a Short Course at ConBraPA 2020

Digitization, network operation and an emphasis on data become the main attributes of smarter production, the core of a phenomenon declared as Industry 4.0, or the fourth industrial revolution, or even the fourth technological era. Amid the revolution of the fourth technological age that occurs in our society, the demand for professionals with programming skills stands out. A first challenge in this context concerns how to train professional programmers, in a current, effective, and versatile programming language. A second challenge concerns how to provide this professional with a useful programming base for experimental planning and data analysis, already integrating his programming learning with experimental planning theory. In line with these challenges, a Python language computer programming course was developed with application in the context of the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The objective of this work is to present and discuss the short course, its construction methodology, and the results of this short course, which took place at the 1st Brazilian Conference on Experimental Planning and Data Analysis (ConBraPa 2020). The main results were: (i) participants learnt about basic programming logic, (ii) participants learnt about using basic instructions in the Python programming language, (iii) participants learnt how to create a randomized experimental sketch in the context of CRD using Python, (iv) elaboration of a specific short course construction methodology. It is noteworthy that, through evaluation with a questionnaire, it was possible to conclude that 100% of the participants in the short course who answered the questionnaire evaluated the short course as beneficial

Evaluation of the impact of the leached and solubilized extracts on the germination of cabbage seeds (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

The germination and seedling root development trials have been used to evaluate and quantify the toxicity of water-soluble compounds as well as mixtures of complex substances, leached, among others. The objective was to evaluate the impact of leached and solubilized extracts of coffee waste on the germination and development of cabbage seedlings (B. oleracea var. Capitata), as well as to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of these extracts. The extracts were prepared according to the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards 10.005 and 10.006, respectively. The experimental design had 7 treatments for the test group (leached), 7 treatments for the test group (solubilized) and one control group. The control group was composed of 4 mL distilled water. It was verified that from the lowest dosage administered (0.1 mL) there was an inhibition in the germination of 30% for both extracts. Starting the dose with 0.7 mL of leached, no root growth was observed. The determination of LOEC was established in the treatments with 0.1 mL for both extracts

Study on the use of Artemia salina as bioindicator in the ecotoxicological evaluation of landfill leachate

Landfill leachate deserves special attention because it presents itself as a potentially polluting liquid that can attack nearby natural resources if it is not carefully treated and disposed of in a controlled manner, or it may be reused in other activities. The present work had the objective of evaluating the toxicity of untreated landfill leachate on the test organism A. salina. The physical chemical characterization of the landfill leachate for the presence of metals and salts was performed according to the methodology proposed by the American Public Health Association - APHA (2005). After hatching, about 10 nauples of A. salina were transferred to 15 x 150 mm test tubes containing 10 mL (saline water and the landfill leach to be tested). Seven treatments with four replicates were used. The LC5048h of the landfill leachate used in the present study was mathematically obtained in the dose with 28.4% of leachate. The parameters of salinity, ammonia and sulfates are directly related to the value of the LC5048h

Effect of cassava starch biofilm with diffusion of silver nanoparticles on the conservation of banana \u27prata\u27

Brazil is now the world\u27s fourth-largest banana producer in the world with an annual production of 6.953,747 tons per year. In Brazil, the banana (Musa spp.) stands out, not only because it is the most widespread, but also because it is the most consumed by all social classes. Cassava is a renewable, almost unlimited resource and one of the most abundant substances in nature. It is one of the most important starchy root crops of the tropics used for food and industrial purposes. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of biofilms based on cassava starch with the diffusion of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the conservation of banana \u27Prata\u27. Initially, filmogenic solutions were produced using the casting technique for five treatments. Additionally, transparency, thickness, grammage, and, subsequently, the biofilms were applied in the film-forming solution for 1 min and suspended for further drying at room temperature. After this process, were evaluated the fresh mass loss and total soluble solids. This study revealed the efficiency of cassava starch biofilm with gelatin addition to reduce the enzymatic browning rate and increase the shelf life of bananas (Musa Subgroup Prata). However, no significant results were observed with the addition of commercial silver nanoparticles

Assessment of cassava starch biofilm in the quality and shelf life of banana 'prata'

Brazil is now the world's fourth-largest banana producer in the world with an annual production of 6.953,747 tons per year. In Brazil, the banana (Musa spp.) stands out, not only because it is the most widespread, but also because it is the most consumed by all social classes. Cassava is a renewable, almost unlimited resource and one of the most abundant substances in nature. It is one of the most important starchy root crops of the tropics used for food and industrial purposes. The present study evaluated the use of biofilms based on cassava starch in maintaining the quality and shelf life of the 'Prata' banana at room temperature. Initially, filmogenic solutions were produced using the casting technique for two treatments. T1 (2.6% starch / 500 mL of distilled water); T2 (2.6% starch / 500 mL of distilled water + 1 g of gelatin). Additionally, thickness, weight, and, subsequently, the biofilms were applied in the film-forming solution for 1 min and suspended for further drying at room temperature. After this process, were evaluated the loss of fresh mass, pH, and totals soluble solids. The present study revealed the efficiency of biofilm coating with and without gelatin to reduce the rate of enzymatic browning and increase the shelf life of bananas. It was possible to verify a smaller reduction in fresh weight loss in the treatments. Besides, no significant difference was observed in the addition of gelatin to the parameters evaluated in the fruit

Evaluation of the electrical conductivity of forest seeds after digestive tract of wild birds

The production of seedlings encompasses the need for knowledge of plant physiology, mainly related to seeds and their minutiae. The seed is the vehicle that carries the full genetic potential of a cultivar with superior characteristics. Vigor can be described as that seed property that determines its emergence under unfavorable conditions. According to the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). The process of reforestation can happen through the production of seedlings and, through seed dispersal, this can occur due to the action of the plant itself (autochory), water (hydrochory), wind (anemochory), animals (zoochory), etc. The current work aimed to investigate the feasibility of using the individual electrical conductivity test to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of forest species after passage through the digestive tract of wild birds. The results allowed inferring that the forest seeds after digestive tract of wild birds presented low electrical conductivity at the individual level. Thus, the seeds in study no presented loss force after digestive tract of wild birds.  Therefore, the birds only performed the role of individual dispersant