6 research outputs found
<sup>68</sup>Ga-Labeled Gold Glyconanoparticles for Exploring BloodâBrain Barrier Permeability: Preparation, Biodistribution Studies, and Improved Brain Uptake via Neuropeptide Conjugation
New tools and techniques to improve
brain visualization and assess
drug permeability across the bloodâbrain barrier (BBB) are
critically needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly
sensitive, noninvasive technique that allows the evaluation of the
BBB permeability under normal and disease-state conditions. In this
work, we have developed the synthesis of novel water-soluble and biocompatible
glucose-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) carrying BBB-permeable neuropeptides
and a chelator of the positron emitter <sup>68</sup>Ga as a PET reporter
for in vivo tracking biodistribution. The small GNPs (2 nm) are stabilized
and solubilized by a glucose conjugate. A NOTA ligand is the chelating
agent for the <sup>68</sup>Ga, and two related opioid peptides are
used as targeting ligands for improving BBB crossing. The radioactive
labeling of the GNPs is completed in 30 min at 70 °C followed
by purification via centrifugal filtration. As a proof of principle,
a biodistribution study in rats is performed for the different <sup>68</sup>Ga-GNPs. The accumulation of radioactivity in different organs
after intravenous administration is measured by whole body PET imaging
and gamma counter measurements of selected organs. The biodistribution
of the <sup>68</sup>Ga-GNPs varies depending on the ligands, as GNPs
with the same gold core size show different distribution profiles.
One of the targeted <sup>68</sup>Ga-GNPs improves BBB crossing near
3-fold (0.020 Âą 0.0050% ID/g) compared to nontargeted GNPs (0.0073
Âą 0.0024% ID/g) as measured by dissection and tissue counting
Microdosed Lipid-Coated <sup>67</sup>Ga-Magnetite Enhances Antigen-Specific Immunity by Image Tracked Delivery of Antigen and CpG to Lymph Nodes
Development of vaccines to prevent
and treat emerging new pathogens
and re-emerging infections and cancer remains a major challenge. An
attractive approach is to build the vaccine upon a biocompatible NP
that simultaneously acts as accurate delivery vehicle and radiotracer
for PET/SPECT imaging for ultrasensitive and quantitative <i>in vivo</i> imaging of NP delivery to target tissues/organs.
Success in developing these nanovaccines will depend in part on having
a âcorrectâ NP size and accommodating and suitably displaying
antigen and/or adjuvants (<i>e.g</i>., TLR agonists). Here
we develop and evaluate a NP vaccine based on iron oxide-selective
radio-gallium labeling suitable for SPECTÂ(<sup>67</sup>Ga)/PETÂ(<sup>68</sup>Ga) imaging and efficient delivery of antigen (OVA) and TLR
9 agonists (CpGs) using lipid-coated magnetite micelles. OVA, CpGs
and rhodamine are easily accommodated in the hybrid micelles, and
the average size of the construct can be controlled to be <i>ca</i>. 40 nm in diameter to target direct lymphatic delivery
of the vaccine cargo to antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the lymph
nodes (LNs). While the OVA/CpG-loaded construct showed effective delivery
to endosomal TLR 9 in APCs, SPECT imaging demonstrated migration from
the injection site to regional and nonregional LNs. In correlation
with the imaging results, a range of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies demonstrate that by using this microdosed
nanosystem the cellular and humoral immune responses are greatly enhanced
and provide protection against tumor challenge. These results suggest
that these nanosystems have considerable potential for image-guided
development of targeted vaccines that are more effective and limit
toxicity
Insights on the Interaction between Transthyretin and Aβ in Solution. A Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR Analysis of the Role of Iododiflunisal
Several
strategies against Alzheimer disease (AD) are directed
to target Aβ-peptides. The ability of transthyretin (TTR) to
bind Aβ-peptides and the positive effect exerted by some TTR
stabilizers for modulating the TTRâAβ interaction have
been previously studied. Herein, key structural features of the interaction
between TTR and the Aβ(12â28) peptide (<b>3</b>), the essential recognition element of Aβ, have been unravelled
by STD-NMR spectroscopy methods in solution. Molecular aspects related
to the role of the TTR stabilizer iododiflunisal (IDIF, <b>5</b>) on the TTRâAβ complex have been also examined. The
NMR results, assisted by molecular modeling protocols, have provided
a structural model for the TTRâAβ interaction, as well
as for the ternary complex formed in the presence of IDIF. This basic
structural information could be relevant for providing light on the
mechanisms involved in the ameliorating effects of AD symptoms observed
in AD/TTR<sup>Âą</sup> animal models after IDIF treatment and
eventually for designing new molecules toward AD therapeutic drugs
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231197946 - Supplemental material for Multimodal imaging of the role of hyperglycemia following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231197946 for Multimodal imaging of the role of hyperglycemia following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage by Ana Joya, Sandra Plaza-GarcĂa, Daniel Padro, Laura Aguado, Leyre Iglesias, Maider Garbizu, Vanessa GĂłmez-Vallejo, Carlos Laredo, Unai CossĂo, Ramon TornĂŠ, Sergio Amaro, Anna M Planas, Jordi Llop, Pedro Ramos-Cabrer, Carles Justicia and Abraham MartĂn in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
DataSheet1_Anti-seizure effects of JNJ-54175446 in the intra-amygdala kainic acid model of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy in mice.PDF
There remains a need for new drug targets for treatment-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor coordinates neuroinflammatory responses to tissue injury. Previous studies in mice reported that the P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567 suppressed spontaneous seizures in the intraamygdala kainic acid model of epilepsy and reduced attendant gliosis in the hippocampus. The drug-resistance profile of this model is not fully characterised, however, and newer P2X7 receptor antagonists with superior pharmacokinetic profiles have recently entered clinical trials. Using telemetry-based continuous EEG recordings in mice, we demonstrate that spontaneous recurrent seizures in the intraamygdala kainic acid model are refractory to the common anti-seizure medicine levetiracetam. In contrast, once-daily dosing of JNJ-54175446 (30Â mg/kg, intraperitoneal) resulted in a significant reduction in spontaneous recurrent seizures which lasted several days after the end of drug administration. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and ex vivo radiotracer assay, we find that JNJ-54175446-treated mice at the end of recordings display a reduction in astrogliosis and altered microglia process morphology within the ipsilateral CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, but no difference in P2X7 receptor surface expression. The present study extends the characterisation of the drug-resistance profile of the intraamygdala kainic acid model in mice and provides further evidence that targeting the P2X7 receptor may have therapeutic applications in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy.</p
Functional Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles: Targeting and Imaging Pancreatic Tumors <i>in Vivo</i>
The development of tools for the
early diagnosis of pancreatic
adenocarcinoma is an urgent need in order to increase treatment success
rate and reduce patient mortality. Here, we present a modular nanosystem
platform integrating soft nanoparticles with a targeting peptide and
an active imaging agent for diagnostics. Biocompatible single-chain
polymer nanoparticles (SCPNs) based on polyÂ(methacrylic acid) were
prepared and functionalized with the somatostatin analogue PTR86 as
the targeting moiety, since somatostatin receptors are overexpressed
in pancreatic cancer. The gamma emitter <sup>67</sup>Ga was incorporated
by chelation and allowed <i>in vivo</i> investigation of
the pharmacokinetic properties of the nanoparticles using single photon
emission computerized tomography (SPECT). The resulting engineered
nanosystem was tested in a xenograph mouse model of human pancreatic
adenocarcinoma. Imaging results demonstrate that accumulation of targeted
SCPNs in the tumor is higher than that observed for nontargeted nanoparticles
due to improved retention in this tissue