Pesquisa de linfonodo-sentinela em pacientes com adenocarcinoma de cólon Sentinel lymphonode research in patients with colon cancer

O câncer colorretal é responsável por cerca de 8.000 óbitos/ano no Brasil. Acredita-se que haja subestadiamento pós-operatório. O objetivo deste trabalho é pesquisar sobre linfonodo-sentinela em pacientes com adenocarcinoma de cólon. A amostra foi composta de 18 pacientes, todos com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de cólon, submetidos à laparotomia com injeção dos marcadores de linfonodos na subserosa peritumoral. RESULTADOS: a identificação intra-operatória de linfonodo-sentinela com os marcadores ocorreu em 16 (88,8%) pacientes. O azul patente identificou linfonodos-sentinela em 72,2% e o fitato marcado com tecnécio em 88,8%. Obtiveram-se linfocintilografias do espécime cirúrgico removido em 15 pacientes. A sensibilidade global do método foi de 66,7% e o falso negativo de 33,3%. Depois do exame histológico com multissecção e imunoistoquímica de 11 pacientes, foi diagnosticada metástase em uma (9%) ocorrência, sendo considerada ultra-estadiamento. CONCLUSÕES: pode-se afirmar que o procedimento é viável; o radiofármaco é mais eficaz; a linfocintilografia da peça cirúrgica é capaz de certificar a presença de captação de radiofármaco pelo linfonodo; a incidência de metástases linfonodais é, proporcionalmente, a mesma nos linfonodos-sentinela e não-sentinela; as técnicas de multissecção e imunoistoquímica contribuem para melhorar a acuidade diagnóstica de metástase linfonodal.<br>The colorectal cancer is responsible for 8.000 deaths a year in Brazil. It is believed that there is post operative sub staged. The objective of this study is to research on the sentinel lymph node in patients with colon cancer. The sample was composed by 18 patients, all of them with diagnose of cancer, undertaken to laparotomy with injection of the markers of lymph nodes in the subserosa peritumoral. RESULTS: intraoperative identification sentinel lymph nodes with the markers occurred in 16 (88,8%) patients. The patent blue dye identified sentinel lymph nodes in 13 (72,2%) and the radioisotopic in 16 (88,8%). Lymphoscintigraphy of surgical specimen were obtained from 15 patients. The global sensitivity of this method was of 66,7% and the false-negative of 33,3%. After the histological examination with multilevel section and immunohistochemical in 11 patients, one (9%) case of micrometastase was diagnosed being considered ultrastaging. CONCLUSIONS: It can be said that the procedure is viable; the radioisotope is more effective; the lymphoscintigraphy of the surgical specimen is capable of certifying the presence of absorption of the radioisotope by the lymph node; the incidence of lymph node metastases is, proportionally, the same as the one of the sentinel and non sentinel nodes; the techniques of the multilevel section and immunohistochemical contribute to improve the activity of the lymph node metastases diagnose

Hartmann's procedure versus sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis for perforated diverticulitis with purulent or faecal peritonitis (LADIES): a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, open-label, superiority trial

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis is superior to Hartmann's procedure. The likelihood of stoma reversal after primary anastomosis has been reported to be higher and reversal seems to be associated with lower morbidity and mortality. Although promising, results from these previous studies remain uncertain because of potential selection bias. Therefore, this study aimed to assess outcomes after Hartmann's procedure versus sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis, with or without defunctioning ileostomy, for perforated diverticulitis with purulent or faecal peritonitis (Hinchey III or IV disease) in a randomised trial. METHODS: A multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial was done in eight academic hospitals and 34 teaching hospitals in Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands. Patients aged between 18 and 85 years who presented with clinical signs of general peritonitis and suspected perforated diverticulitis were eligible for inclusion if plain abdominal radiography or CT scan showed diffuse free air or fluid. Patients with Hinchey I or II diverticulitis were not eligible for inclusion. Patients were allocated (1:1) to Hartmann's procedure or sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis, with or without defunctioning ileostomy. Patients were enrolled by the surgeon or surgical resident involved, and secure online randomisation software was used in the operating room or by the trial coordinator on the phone. Random and concealed block sizes of two, four, or six were used, and randomisation was stratified by age (<60 and ≥60 years). The primary endpoint was 12-month stoma-free survival. Patients were analysed according to a modified intention-to-treat principle. The trial is registered with the Netherlands Trial Register, number NTR2037, and ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01317485. FINDINGS: Between July 1, 2010, and Feb 22, 2013, and June 9, 2013, and trial termination on June 3, 2016, 133 patients (93 with Hinchey III disease and 40 with Hinchey IV disease) were randomly assigned to Hartmann's procedure (68 patients) or primary anastomosis (65 patients). Two patients in the Hartmann's group were excluded, as was one in the primary anastomosis group; the modified intention-to-treat population therefore consisted of 66 patients in the Hartmann's procedure group (46 with Hinchey III disease, 20 with Hinchey IV disease) and 64 in the primary anastomosis group (46 with Hinchey III disease, 18 with Hinchey IV disease). In 17 (27%) of 64 patients assigned to primary anastomosis, no stoma was constructed. 12-month stoma-free survival was significantly better for patients undergoing primary anastomosis compared with Hartmann's procedure (94·6% [95% CI 88·7-100] vs 71·7% [95% CI 60·1-83·3], hazard ratio 2·79 [95% CI 1·86-4·18]; log-rank p<0·0001). There were no significant differences in short-term morbidity and mortality after the index procedure for Hartmann's procedure compared with primary anastomosis (morbidity: 29 [44%] of 66 patients vs 25 [39%] of 64, p=0·60; mortality: two [3%] vs four [6%], p=0·44). INTERPRETATION: In haemodynamically stable, immunocompetent patients younger than 85 years, primary anastomosis is preferable to Hartmann's procedure as a treatment for perforated diverticulitis (Hinchey III or Hinchey IV disease). FUNDING: Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development.status: publishe