Effects of the CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist SR141716A (SR) on measures of attentional function, compulsivity, and motivation in the 5-CSRTT under conditions of normal or lengthened intertrial interval (ITI).

<p>In total n = 14 animals were included in the analyses and data depict mean±SEM.</p><p>*p<0.05 compared to respective Vehicle control.</p>+<p>p<0.05.</p>++<p>p<0.005 compared to respective ITI = 5 s control.</p

The CB receptor agonist Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol does not affect inhibitory control, but reduces impulsive choice.

<p>Effects of acute administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the mean (± SEM) number of premature responses made in the 5-CSRTT (a,b) and effects of THC, SR141716A (SR), and their combination on the percentage preference for the larger, delayed reinforcer in the DRT (c,d). ITI: intertrial interval. In total <i>n</i> = 13−14 animals were included in the analyses. Drug doses are expressed as mg/kg. ^*<i>p</i><0.05 and ^**<i>p</i><0.005 versus Vehicle or Vehicle-Vehicle; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared to THC-Vehicle, ⁺⁺p<0.005 vs respective ITI 5 s control.</p

Overview of the effects of CB1 receptor (ant)agonists on impulsive behavior found in this study.

<p>Arrows indicate the direction of the effects of CB1 receptor (ant)agonists on impulsivity relative to baseline or amphetamine-induced levels of impulsivity, whereby amphetamine alone increases and decreases impulsive action and choice as compared to baseline, respectively.</p><p>*SR141716A has under these conditions previously been found to reduce impulsivity in the 5-CSRTT (Pattij et al. 2007a). N.D. not determined.</p

Effects of the CB1 receptor agonist Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on measures of attentional function, compulsivity, and motivation in the 5-CSRTT.

<p>In total n = 13 animals were included in the analyses and data depict mean±SEM.</p><p><i>**p</i><0.005 versus Vehicle.</p

Principal component analysis yielding 3 rotated components <i>(N = 100)</i>.

<p>Factor loadings >0.5 as significant.</p>a<p>k values were obtained by a hyperbolic decay function and log transformed.</p>b<p>IMT and DMT scores were calculated as the ratio of commission errors to correct detections.</p><p> <i>DDT: Delay Discounting Task, IMT: Immediate Memory Task, DMT: Delayed Memory Task, SSRT: Stop Signal Reaction Time, BIS-11: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale.</i></p

Correlation between impulsive choice and action in rats.

<p>In rats (n = 22), there was no correlation between impulsive action, based on premature responses in the 5-CSRTT, and impulsive choice, based on (A) the indifference point (r = −.22) or (B) the log k-value (r = .09) in the DRT. Within the 5-CSRTT (C) there was a correlation (r = .77) between impulsive action with a standard inter trial interval (ITI 5 s) and lengthened inter trial interval (ITI 7 s).</p

Correlation between impulsive choice and action in humans.

<p>In humans (n = 100), there was no correlation between impulsive choice (log DDT k value) and impulsive action measured as the ratio of commission errors to correct detections in (A) IMT (r = .11) and (B) DMT (r = .16). Within the IMT/DMT (C) there was a correlation between the ratio of commission errors to correct detections in the IMT and DMT (r = .64).</p