%QLS SAS Macro: A SAS Macro for Analysis of Correlated Data Using Quasi-Least Squares

Quasi-least squares (QLS) is an alternative computational approach for estimation of the correlation parameter in the framework of generalized estimating equations (GEE). QLS overcomes some limitations of GEE that were discussed in Crowder (1995). In addition, it allows for easier implementation of some correlation structures that are not available for GEE. We describe a user written SAS macro called %QLS, and demonstrate application of our macro using a clinical trial example for the comparison of two treatments for a common toenail infection. %QLS also computes the lower and upper boundaries of the correlation parameter for analysis of longitudinal binary data that were described by Prentice (1988). Furthermore, it displays a warning message if the Prentice constraints are violated. This warning is not provided in existing GEE software packages and other packages that were recently developed for application of QLS (in Stata, MATLAB, and R). %QLS allows for analysis of continuous, binary, or count data with one of the following working correlation structures: the first-order autoregressive, equicorrelated, Markov, or tri-diagonal structures.

4.4: 200 dpi 3‐a‐Si:H TFTs Voltage‐Driven AM‐PLEDs

In this paper we describe opto‐electronic properties of 200 dpi 3‐a‐Si:H TFT voltage‐driven AM‐PLEDs. In this display design the output current level drifts induced by either process variations or device aging can be reduced by adjusting the driver a‐Si:H TFT operating point with the active resistor. Our first green lightemitting AM‐PLED prototype had brightness of 50 cd/m 2 and fill factor of about 45%.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92132/1/1.1832196.pd

P‐102: Amorphous Silicon Thin‐Film Transistors‐based Active‐Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Displays

In this paper, we describe hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐based active‐matrix arrays for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting displays (AM‐OLEDs). The proposed pixel electrode circuits based on three a‐Si:H TFTs can supply a continuous output current for AM‐OLEDs. Each pixel circuit has compensation circuits that can adjust for the OLED and a‐Si:H TFTs electrical characteristics shifts.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92089/1/1.1830416.pd

The impact of the prenatal ultrasonography on birth of babies with Korean pediatric surgical index diseases

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of prenatal ultrasonography (US) on the birth of babies with diseases listed on the Korean pediatric surgery index diseases (IDs). METHODS: Depending the ease of diagnosis using prenatal US, [diagnostic facility if prenatal US] IDs were divided into easily diagnosed (ED), not easily diagnosed (NED) and detected with difficulty (DD) groups. Five-year data were obtained for the total live birth number (TBN) from the Korean Statistical Information Service, and the actual birth number of IDs (ABNID) from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The certified incidences of IDs (I) were obtained from a prestigious textbook of pediatric surgery. The estimated abortion rate (AR) of fetus in each group was obtained using the following formula: AR (%) = [1 - (ABNID)/(TBN x I)] x 100. RESULTS: The AR with all IDs was 38 to 77%. The AR was 78 to 93% for ED group, 38 to 66% for NED group and 0% for DD group. CONCLUSION: In spite of high survival rates after treatment, the AR of each group depends on the ease of diagnosis using prenatal US in Korea. A recommendatory policy for the fetus with IDs should be urgently established after general consensus within the related medical societiesope