Particle filter with spline resampling and global transition model

The authors introduce the concept of a spline resampling in the particle filter to deal with high accuracy and sample impoverishment. The resampling is usually based on a linear transformation on the weights of the particles, so it affects the filtering accuracy. The spline resampling consists of two parts: the spline transformation of weights and the spread transformation of states. The former is based on a spline transformation on the weights of the particles to obtain highly accurate particle filtering, and the latter is based on a point spread transformation on states of particles to prevent sample impoverishment due to a decline in the diversity of hypothesis after resampling. Two transformations are sequentially implemented to incorporate with each other. Then, the authors propose a global transition model in the particle filter, which takes account of the background variation caused by the camera motion, to decrease error from real object position. The authors test the performance of their spline resampling and the global transition model in the particle filter in an object‐tracking scenario. Experimental results demonstrate that the particle filter with the spline resampling and the global transition model has promising discriminative capability in comparison with others

Attenuating Fibrotic Markers of Patient-Derived Dermal Fibroblasts by Thiolated Lignin Composites

We report the use of phenolic functional groups of lignosulfonate to impart antioxidant properties and the cell binding domains of gelatin to enhance cell adhesion for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based scaffolds. Chemoselective thiol-ene chemistry was utilized to form composites with thiolated lignosulfonate (TLS) and methacrylated fish gelatin (fGelMA). Antioxidant properties of TLS were not altered after thiolation and the levels of antioxidation were comparable to those of -ascorbic acid. PEG-fGelMA-TLS composites significantly reduced the difference in , , , and genes between high-scarring and low-scarring hdFBs, providing the potential utility of TLS to attenuate fibrotic responses

Attenuating Fibrotic Markers of Patient-Derived Dermal Fibroblasts by Thiolated Lignin Composites

Engineering composite biomaterials requires the successful integration of multiple feed- stocks to formulate a final product for functional improvement. Here we engineered biomaterial scaffolds to attenuate the fibrotic phenotype exhibited by high scarring (HS) patient-derived der- mal fibroblasts (hdFBs) by valorizing lignosulfonate from waste feedstocks of lignin. We utilized phenolic functional groups of lignosulfonate to impart antioxidant properties and the cell binding domains of gelatin to enhance cell adhesion for poly(ethylene glycol)-based scaffolds. Highly ef- ficient chemoselective thiol-ene chemistry was utilized for the formation of composites with thio- lated lignosulfonate (TLS) and methacrylated fish gelatin (fGelMA) in the PEG(poly (ethylene gly- col))-diacrylate matrix. Antioxidant properties of lignosulfonate was not altered after thiolation and the levels of antioxidation were comparable to a well-known antioxidant, L-ascorbic acid, as evi- denced by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) assays. Unlike porcine gelatin, fGelMA remained liquid at room temperature and exhibited low viscosities, resulting in no issues of miscibility when mixed with PEG. PEG-fGelMA-TLS composites signifi- cantly reduced the differential of five different fibrotic markers (COL1A1, ACTA2, TGFB1 and HIF1A) between HS and low scarring (LS) hdFBs, providing the potential utility of TLS in a bio- material scaffold to attenuate fibrotic responses. </div