Assessment of Animal Palatability for Domestic Developed Italian Ryegrass \u3cem\u3eLolium multiflorum\u3c/em\u3e Lam. in South Korea

About 5.6 million tons of forage were consumed in ruminant animals in Korea. But, most of them were supplied in rice straw (2 million ton) and more than one million ton of forage was imported from oversea. As a matter of fact, the self-sufficiency rate of high quality forage was 44 % (2.5 million ton). The research institute had started breeding programs of forage varieties (orchardgrass, Tall fescue and Italian ryegrass), Their remarkable breeding program resulted in release of a synthetic species Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) which was more cold-tolerant, much higher yielding than introduced varieties and more adapted in paddy field. Most varieties had focused in evaluation of chemical analysis and productivities of dry matter, however assessment of palatability for ruminant was not conducted. For this reason, this report examines the assessment of animal palatability for domestic developed Italian ryegrass in Korea

Warm Surprises from Cold Duets: N-Body Simulations with Two-Component Dark Matter

We explore extensive N-body simulations with two-component cold dark matter candidates. We delve into the temperature evolution, power spectrum, density perturbation, and maximum circular velocity functions. We find that the substantial mass difference between the two candidates and the annihilation of the heavier components to the lighter ones effectively endow the latter with warm dark matter-like behavior, taking advantage of all distinct features that warm dark matter candidates offer, without observational bounds on the warm dark matter mass. Moreover, we demonstrate that the two-component dark matter model aligns well with observational data, providing valuable insights into where and how to search for the elusive dark matter candidates in terrestrial experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Analysis of Gene Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Treated with Senescence-Modulating COX Inhibitors

We have previously reported that NS-398, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)–selective inhibitor, inhibited replicative cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts and skin aging in hairless mice. In contrast, celecoxib, another COX-2–selective inhibitor, and aspirin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, accelerated the senescence and aging. To figure out causal factors for the senescence-modulating effect of the inhibitors, we here performed cDNA microarray experiment and subsequent Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The data showed that several senescence-related gene sets were regulated by the inhibitor treatment. NS-398 up-regulated gene sets involved in the tumor necrosis factor β receptor pathway and the fructose and mannose metabolism, whereas it down-regulated a gene set involved in protein secretion. Celecoxib up-regulated gene sets involved in G2M checkpoint and E2F targets. Aspirin up-regulated the gene set involved in protein secretion, and down-regulated gene sets involved in RNA transcription. These results suggest that COX inhibitors modulate cellular senescence by different mechanisms and will provide useful information to understand senescence-modulating mechanisms of COX inhibitors

Comparative study on multibody vehicle dynamics models based on subsystem synthesis method using Cartesian and joint coordinates

AbstractThe subsystem synthesis method has been developed in order to improve computational efficiency for a multibody vehicle dynamics model. Using the subsystem synthesis method, equations of motion of the base body and each subsystem can be solved separately. In the subsystem synthesis method, various coordinate systems can be used and various integration methods can be applied in each subsystem, as long as the effective mass matrix and the effective force vector are properly produced. In this paper, comparative study has been carried out for the subsystem synthesis method with Cartesian coordinates and with joint relative coordinates. Two different integration methods such as an explicit integrator and an explicit implicit integrator are employed. In order to see the accuracy and computational efficiency from the different models based on the different coordinate systems and different integration methods, a rough terrain run simulations has been carried out with a 6 × 6 off-road multibody vehicle model

Proteome-Level Responses of Escherichia coli to Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Use of Fatty Acid Inducible Promoter in Protein Production

In Escherichia coli, a long-chain acyl-CoA is a regulatory signal that modulates gene expression through its binding to a transcription factor FadR. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis of E. coli in the presence of glucose and oleic acid was performed to understand cell physiology in response to oleic acid. Among total of 52 proteins showing altered expression levels with oleic acid presence, 9 proteins including AldA, Cdd, FadA, FadB, FadL, MalE, RbsB, Udp, and YccU were newly synthesized. Among the genes that were induced by oleic acid, the promoter of the aldA gene was used for the production of a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Analysis of fluorescence intensities and confocal microscopic images revealed that soluble GFP was highly expressed under the control of the aldA promoter. These results suggest that proteomics is playing an important role not only in biological research but also in various biotechnological applications

Functional neural differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells using bFGF and forskolin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue have the capacity to differentiate into mesenchymal as well as endodermal and ectodermal cell lineage <it>in vitro</it>. We characterized the multipotent ability of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) as MSCs and investigated the neural differentiation potential of these cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Human ADSCs from earlobe fat maintained self-renewing capacity and differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes under specific culture conditions. Following neural induction with bFGF and forskolin, hADSCs were differentiated into various types of neural cells including neurons and glia <it>in vitro</it>. In neural differentiated-hADSCs (NI-hADSCs), the immunoreactivities for neural stem cell marker (nestin), neuronal markers (Tuj1, MAP2, NFL, NFM, NFH, NSE, and NeuN), astrocyte marker (GFAP), and oligodendrocyte marker (CNPase) were significantly increased than in the primary hADSCs. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the mRNA levels encoding for ABCG2, nestin, Tuj1, MAP2, NFL, NFM, NSE, GAP43, SNAP25, GFAP, and CNPase were also highly increased in NI-hADSCs. Moreover, NI-hADSCs acquired neuron-like functions characterized by the display of voltage-dependent tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium currents, outward potassium currents, and prominent negative resting membrane potentials under whole-cell patch clamp recordings. Further examination by RT-PCR showed that NI-hADSCs expressed high level of ionic channel genes for sodium (SCN5A), potassium (MaxiK, Kv4.2, and EAG2), and calcium channels (CACNA1C and CACNA1G), which were expressed constitutively in the primary hADSCs. In addition, we demonstrated that Kv4.3 and Eag1, potassium channel genes, and NE-Na, a TTX-sensitive sodium channel gene, were highly induced following neural differentiation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These combined results indicate that hADSCs have the same self-renewing capacity and multipotency as stem cells, and can be differentiated into functional neurons using bFGF and forskolin.</p

Shear behavior of a shear thickening fluid-impregnated aramid fabrics at high shear rate

Shear-thickening fluid-impregnated aramid (STF-im-AR) fabrics have been manufactured for advanced soft body armor applications for which they provide improved ballistic and stab resistances. It is not yet clear whether or not such improvements can be attributed solely to the STF. In this study, the rate-dependent behavior of an STF-im-AR fabric was investigated at the fabric level, using uniaxial tensile, bias-extension, and picture-frame tests. Rate-dependent behavior of the STF-im-AR fabric was observed during uniaxial tensile testing; however, the effect of the STF treatment was slight and consistent with only the inherent effect of the polymeric nature of its constituent fibers. The shear rigidity of the STF-im-AR fabric increased, due to the presence of the STF and the sensitivity of the fabric's shear stiffness to changes in the shear strain rate also increased slightly. This rate-sensitive shear stiffness of STF-im-AR fabrics may contribute to improved ballistic and stab resistances