A Patterned Single Layer Graphene Resistance Temperature Sensor

Micro-fabricated single-layer graphenes (SLGs) on a silicon dioxide (SiO2)/Si substrate, a silicon nitride (SiN) membrane, and a suspended architecture are presented for their use as temperature sensors. These graphene temperature sensors act as resistance temperature detectors, showing a quadratic dependence of resistance on the temperature in a range between 283 K and 303 K. The observed resistance change of the graphene temperature sensors are explained by the temperature dependent electron mobility relationship (~T−4) and electron-phonon scattering. By analyzing the transient response of the SLG temperature sensors on different substrates, it is found that the graphene sensor on the SiN membrane shows the highest sensitivity due to low thermal mass, while the sensor on SiO2/Si reveals the lowest one. Also, the graphene on the SiN membrane reveals not only the fastest response, but also better mechanical stability compared to the suspended graphene sensor. Therefore, the presented results show that the temperature sensors based on SLG with an extremely low thermal mass can be used in various applications requiring high sensitivity and fast operation

Is an Industrial Policy Possible in China?: The Case of the Automobile Industry

This paper first defines industrial policy as entry control and capacity reorganization, and then evaluates the effectiveness of industrial policy in the automobile sector in China. It argues that the industrial policies declared in 87 and 94 in China were not implemented successfully enough to control new entries nor to reorganize capacity among the incumbent companies. Consequently, the industrial organization of the automobile sector was highly fragmented. Concerning the cause of entry control failure, this paper examines the incentive structure of Chinese local governments that exercised de facto property rights over the companies in their jurisdiction throughout the reform period. It shows that local governments have strong incentives to ward off the central governments entry control, and that local governments were strong enough to resist the centers order, backed up by their fiscal and administrative capacity. To explain the causes of capacity reorganization failure, this paper looks at the cases of the First Auto Works groups M&As, and argues that these M&As did not lead to effective capacity reorganization within the group. The paper concludes that industrial policy has failed in China, and that the central government finds it difficult to conduct effective industrial policy given the strength of local governments. The recent and future development of the Chinese automobile industry seems to be driven by market forces rather than by discretionary industrial policy

Characteristic Plain Radiographic and Intravenous Urographic Findings of Bladder Calculi Formed over a Hair Nidus: A Case Report

We present the characteristic plain radiographic and intravenous urographic (IVU) findings of calculus formed over a hair. A 66-year-old man who had been quadriplegic for 40 years because of vertebral injury was admitted for further evaluation of frequent urinary tract infection. Plain radiography showed a linear, serpiginous calcification in the lower abdomen, and IVU revealed a round filling defect with linear radiopacity in the bladder, suggesting calculus. The gross appearance of the stone after extraction demonstrated that calcification had formed over a hair

Automated Brittle Fracture Rate Estimator for Steel Property Evaluation Using Deep Learning After Drop-Weight Tear Test

This study proposes an automated brittle fracture rate (BFR) estimator using deep learning. As the demand for line-pipes increases in various industries, the need for BFR estimation through dropweight tear test (DWTT) increases to evaluate steel's property. Conventional BFR or ductile fracture rate (DFR) estimation methods require an expensive 3D scanner. Alternatively, a rule-based approach is used with a single charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. However, it is sensitive to the hyper-parameter. To solve these problems, we propose an approach based on deep learning that has recently been successful in the fields of computer vision and image processing. The method proposed in this study is the first to use deep learning approach for BFR estimation. The proposed method consists of a VGG-based U-Net (VU-Net) which is inspired by U-Net and fully convolutional network (FCN). VU-Net includes a deep encoder and a decoder. The encoder is adopted from VGG19 and transferred with a pre-trained model with ImageNet. In addition, the structure of the decoder is the same as that of the encoder, and the decoder uses the feature maps of the encoder through concatenation operation to compensate for the reduced spatial information. To analyze the proposed VU-Net, we experimented with different depths of networks and various transfer learning approaches. In terms of accuracy used in real industrial application, we compared the proposed VU-Net with U-Net and FCN to evaluate the performance. The experiments showed that VU-Net was the accuracy of approximately 94.9 %, and was better than the other two, which had the accuracies of about 91.8 % and 93.7 %, respectively.11Ysciescopu

Maximized performance of dye solar cells on plastic: a combined theoretical and experimental optimization approach

We demonstrate that a combined optimization approach based on the sequential alternation of theoretical analysis and experimental realization gives rise to plastic supported dye solar cells for which both light harvesting efficiency and electron collection are maximized. Rationalized configurations with optimized light trapping and charge extraction are realized to achieve photoanodes on plastic prepared at low temperature, showing a power conversion efficiency of 8.55% and a short circuit photocurrent of 16.11 mA cm 2, unprecedented for plastic based dye solar cell devices. Furthermore, the corresponding fully flexible designs present stable mechanical properties after several bending cycles, displaying 7.79% power conversion efficiency, an average broadband internal quantum efficiency above 90%, and a short circuit photocurrent of 15.94 mA cm 2, which is the largest reported value for bendable cells of this sort to dateEuropean Union 307081, 622533Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MAT2014-54852-R, MAT2011–2359

trans-Dichloridobis(2,2-dimethyl­prop­ane-1,3-diamine-κ2 N,N′)chromium(III) perchlorate

In the title salt, [CrCl2(C5H14N2)2]ClO4, the Cr atom is in a trans-CrCl2N4 octa­hedral environment comprising the four N atoms of two chelating 2,2-dimethyl­propane-1,3-diamine ligands and two Cl atoms. The two six-membered CrC3N2 rings in the cation adopt anti chair–chair conformations with respect to each other. The perchlorate anion is disordered over two positions in respect of the Cl and an O atom in a 6:4 ratio. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a layer structure

Water-Soluble Epitaxial NaCl Thin Film for Fabrication of Flexible Devices

We studied growth mechanisms of water-soluble NaCl thin films on single crystal substrates. Epitaxial growth of NaCl(100) on Si(100) and domain-matched growth of NaCl(111) on c-sapphire were obtained at thicknesses below 100 nm even at room temperature from low lattice mismatches in both cases. NaCl thin film, which demonstrates high solubility selectivity for water, was successfully applied as a water-soluble sacrificial layer for fabrication of several functional materials, such as WO3 nano-helix and Sn doped In2O3 nano-branches.111Ysciescopu