Correlation between fasting plasma clusterin concentrations and anthropometric and clinical parameters.

<p>γ: Pearson's coefficient.</p>§<p>Logarithmic transformation was performed before analysis. BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-IR homeostasis model of insulin resistance; TC, fasting plasma total cholesterol; TG, fasting plasma triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; RBP4, retinol binding protein-4.</p

Age-adjusted fasting plasma clusterin concentrations in lean, overweight, and obese subjects.

<p>Data are mean ± SE.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs</i>. lean,</p>†<p><i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs</i>. overweight.</p

Independent variables affecting plasma clusterin concentration in stepwise multivariate analysis.

<p><i>R</i>²(coefficient of determination) for the model: 0.245. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in 204 subjects. Data for HOMA-IR, TG/HDL-C, hsCRP, leptin, adiponectin, and RBP4 were log-transformed due to skewed distributions. In stepwise regression analysis, the independent variables tested initially were age, sex, smoking status, BMI, WHR, DBP, FPG, FPI, HOMA-IR, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, hsCRP, uric acid, ferritin, leptin, adiponectin, and RBP4 (abbreviations in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103351#pone-0103351-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103351#pone-0103351-t003" target="_blank">3</a>). No combination with a strong correlation (<i>R</i>>0.9) was found among these variables after excluding HOMA-IR. Multiple regression analysis was performed among the remaining independent variables.</p>§<p>Logarithmic transformation was performed before analysis.</p

Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects.

<p>Data are the mean ± SD.</p>‡<p>Data are median values and range.</p>§<p>Logarithmic transformation was performed before the analysis.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.01,</p>†<p><i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs.</i> lean. BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure;: FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-IR homeostasis model of insulin resistance; TC, fasting plasma total cholesterol; TG, fasting plasma triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; RBP4, retinol binding protein-4.</p

Logistic regression analyses for lens opacity in the Korean adult population.

<p>Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or use of current anti-hypertensive medication. Diabetes: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, use of current anti-diabetes medication, or a previous diagnosis of diabetes by a doctor.</p

Weighted prevalence (%) for different types of lens opacity by the presence of diabetes.

<p>Data, mean ± SEM.</p><p>Model 1: age and gender.</p><p>Model 2: model 1+ college education, hypertension, serum cholesterol, BMI, total daily caloric intake, myopia.</p

Weighted number and distribution of eGFR in each category of albuminuria in Korean adult population.

<p>*Proportion of each eGFR group. Data are expressed as estimated prevalence (%) and 95% confidence intervals. <i>χ</i>² test, <i>P</i><0.001. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m²).</p

Logistic regression analyses for lens opacity in the Korean adult population.

<p>Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or use of current anti-hypertensive medication. Diabetes: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, use of current anti-diabetes medication, or a previous diagnosis of diabetes by a doctor.</p

Age- and gender-adjusted clinical characteristics by the presence of lens opacity.

<p>Data, mean ± SEM. Heavy alcohol drinking, ≥ 4 alcoholic drinks/week. Regular exercise, ≥ 5 times/week. Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of current anti-hypertensive medication. Diabetes: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, use of current anti-diabetes medication, or a previous diagnosis of diabetes by a doctor.</p

Age-, sex-, and age- and sex-adjusted demographic and clinical characteristics of the Korean population ≥19 years old in the 2011 KNHANES by categories of albuminuria.

<p>Data are expressed as means with 95% confidence intervals except for ACR expressed as median with inter-quartile range. WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin–creatinine ratio; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase.</p