TEXAS TAXES: A COMPARISON WITH OTHER STATES

This document is part of an educational series on Texas taxes. State and local taxes in Texas are compared with those of the fifty states and the District of Columbia. Taxes are compared per capita and per $1,000 of personal income. The taxes include: all state and local taxes, property taxes, sales and gross receipts taxes, personal income taxes, corporate income taxes and corporate franchise taxes. For each tax the national average, median, maximum and minimum are given along with the corresponding tax for Texas and Texas's rank nationally. Texas state revenue comes primarily from the sales tax and local revenue from the property tax. It is one of only four states with neither a corporate nor a personal income tax. For all state and local taxes, Texas ranks 35th per capita and 40th per$1,000 of personal income. Despite this relatively low rank among all states, tax reform is a continuing priority issue in Texas. The reason for this may be the heavy reliance on sales and property taxes to support state and local governmental services. While the overall tax burden is relatively low, the burden of these two taxes ranks relatively high and may disadvantage certain industries.Public Economics,

Evaluating learning and teaching technologies in further education

With the current emphasis on quality assessment and the role of evaluation in quality assessment, it is likely that teachers in post‐compulsory education will increasingly be expected to evaluate their teaching, especially when making changes to their teaching methods. In Further Education (FE), there have been a number of developments to foster the use of Information and Learning Technologies (ILT), following the publication of the Higginson Report in 1996. However, there is some evidence that the adoption of ILT has been patchy

Correlation of Puma airloads: Evaluation of CFD prediction methods

A cooperative program was undertaken by research organizations in England, France, Australia and the U.S. to study the capabilities of computational fluid dynamics codes (CFD) to predict the aerodynamic loading on helicopter rotor blades. The program goal is to compare predictions with experimental data for flight tests of a research Puma helicopter with rectangular and swept tip blades. Two topics are studied. First, computed results from three CFD codes are compared for flight test cases where all three codes use the same partial inflow-angle boundary conditions. Second, one of the CFD codes (FPR) is iteratively coupled with the CAMRAD/JA helicopter performance code. These results are compared with experimental data and with an uncoupled CAMRAD/JA solution. The influence of flow field unsteadiness is found to play an important role in the blade aerodynamics. Alternate boundary conditions are suggested in order to properly model this unsteadiness in the CFD codes

Quality Assurance in medical regulation in an international context

The review examines quality assurance in medical regulation in seven countries: Australia (New South Wales); Canada (Ontario); Finland; France (Appendix One); the Netherlands; New Zealand and the USA (New York State). The aim is to describe how doctors’ continuing competence is maintained and assessed, how poor practice is detected and what action is taken. The introduction sets out the methods and defines key terms. Detail on the countries can be found in each chapter

Panel: The Interplay of Economic and Clinical Issues

Dr. Jones is a clinical pharmacologist/pharmacoepidemiologist trained in geriatrics and internal medicine with a longstanding interest in the study of adverse drug reactions, drug utilization, and drug development and regulation. She received her medical training at Baylor College of Medicine, followed by clinical training in internal medicine, a fellowship in clinical pharmacology, and a PhD in developmental pharmacology at University of California, San Francisco. Interested in the translation of basic pharmacology information to the practice site, she practiced, taught clinical pharmacology, and carried out early research in drug utilization at Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco until 1978, when she came to Washington, DC as Director of the FDA\u27s Division of Drug Experience (now the Office of Drug Safety) until 1984. Leaving the FDA, she returned to practice medicine and geriatrics at Georgetown University, where she continues as Adjunct Clinical Professor of Pharmacology. She also holds Adjunct Professor appointments at George Washington University School of Public Health, and the University of Michigan School of Public Health Summer Epidemiology program where she teaches a one-week course in pharmacoepidemiology. She has also served as a PhD Examiner at the Karolinska Institute, and as a member of several NIH and AHRQ Study Sections. In 1988, she began a consulting business, The Degge Group, Ltd. (Degge). The mission of The Degge Group, Ltd. is to optimize the therapy and prevention of disease in populations in the U.S. and abroad through regulatory support, innovative epidemiological research, education, and product development. In pursuit of this mission, Degge works on behalf of pharmaceutical and consumer healthcare company clients, healthcare systems, and government agencies. Degge provides timely and novel solutions to safety issues from regulatory, scientific, and public health perspectives. Dr. Jones also serves as President of the Pharmaceutical Education and Research Institute (PERI) a non-profit organization that provides a range of educational courses on drug development. Throughout her career, Dr. Jones has been dedicated to international cooperation and communication in the field of drug safety. Beginning in 1978, while at FDA, Dr. Jones represented the FDA to the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for International Drug Monitoring in Uppsala, Sweden, serving as Chair from 1981-85. She has served on the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology Board since 1989, including terms as President and VP Finance. In 1990, she helped found and served on the Executive Committee of The International Medical Benefit Risk Foundation - RAD-AR, Geneva, Switzerland. Dr. Jones has chaired the Committee on Drug Utilization for the U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) in the early 1990’s, and is a member the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) Standardized Medical Query (SMQ) Working Group since 2004. She has represented international pharmaceutical companies before U.S., European and other international regulatory bodies on drug development, safety and risk management issues. Dr. Jones has published numerous articles relating to adverse reactions, post marketing surveillance of drugs, pharmacoepidemiology and natural history of disease, drugs in populations (i.e., geriatric, pediatric patients) and drug information for patients and physicians