3,877 research outputs found
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The Impact of Environment on the Perception of Art
When we see a work of art, no matter the environmental setting, we have some sort of reaction to the piece. An analysis of some of the art housed in museums in New York City, Paris, and Rome, this thesis outlines some examples of different environmental factors affecting a viewerâs perception of that specific visual representation. The surrounding works, the accompanying wall texts and labels, as well as the structure of the building or specific room that houses the work, affects how a viewer might perceive it. Similar works offer different experiences when displayed in different places, such as Monetâs Water Lilies in MoMA and in the MusĂ©e de lâOrangerie. Other art pieces gain significance because of the harmony or contrast that they create with their surroundings--whether it be other paintings, as in the Frick Collection, or large machinery, as in the case of the Centrale Montemartini in Rome.Plan II Honors Progra
The social burden of malaria: what are we measuring?
Definitions of the burden of malaria vary by public health discipline. Epidemiologists and economists commonly use a quantitative approach to measure risk factors and associate them with disease outcomes. In contrast, since burden is itself a cultural construct, an anthropologic perspective of the burden of disease considers the sociocultural context in which these risk factors exist. This broader concept of burden is rarely tackled, most likely stemming from a lack of understanding of what is meant by the term social burden. This report describes the concept from an anthropologic perspective. The aim is to provide a better understanding of the process through which social and cultural factors affect the biomedical burden of malaria. The consequences of adopting this perspective for public health in general and malaria interventions in particular are discussed
Time for change: a new training programme for morpho-molecular pathologists?
The evolution of cellular pathology as a specialty has always been driven by technological developments and the clinical relevance of incorporating novel investigations into diagnostic practice. In recent years, the molecular characterisation of cancer has become of crucial relevance in patient treatment both for predictive testing and subclassification of certain tumours. Much of this has become possible due to the availability of next-generation sequencing technologies and the whole-genome sequencing of tumours is now being rolled out into clinical practice in England via the 100â000 Genome Project. The effective integration of cellular pathology reporting and genomic characterisation is crucial to ensure the morphological and genomic data are interpreted in the relevant context, though despite this, in many UK centres molecular testing is entirely detached from cellular pathology departments. The CM-Path initiative recognises there is a genomics knowledge and skills gap within cellular pathology that needs to be bridged through an upskilling of the current workforce and a redesign of pathology training. Bridging this gap will allow the development of an integrated 'morphomolecular pathology' specialty, which can maintain the relevance of cellular pathology at the centre of cancer patient management and allow the pathology community to continue to be a major influence in cancer discovery as well as playing a driving role in the delivery of precision medicine approaches. Here, several alternative models of pathology training, designed to address this challenge, are presented and appraised
Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Black Sea: a test of depth-dependent stretching models
Subsidence analysis of the eastern Black Sea basin suggests that the stratigraphy of this deep, extensional basin can be explained by a predominantly pure-shear stretching history. A strain-rate inversion method that assumes pure-shear extension obtains good fits between observed and predicted stratigraphy. A relatively pure-shear strain distribution is also obtained when a strain-rate inversion algorithm is applied that allows extension to vary with depth without assuming its existence or form. The timing of opening of the eastern Black Sea, which occupied a back-arc position during the closure of the Tethys Ocean, has also been a subject of intense debate; competing theories called for basin opening during the Jurassic, Cretaceous or Paleocene/Eocene. Our work suggests that extension likely continued into the early Cenozoic, in agreement with stratigraphic relationships onshore and with estimates for the timing of arc magmatism. Further basin deepening also appears to have occurred in the last 20 myr. This anomalous subsidence event is focused in the northern part of the basin and reaches its peak at 15â10 Ma. We suggest that this comparatively localized shortening is associated with the northward movement of the Arabian plate. We also explore the effects of paleowater depth and elastic thickness on the results. These parameters are controversial, particularly for deep-water basins and margins, but their estimation is a necessary step in any analysis of the tectonic subsidence record stored in stratigraphy. <br/
Insight into the fundamental trade-offs of diffusion MRI from polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography in ex vivo human brain
In the first study comparing high angular resolution diffusion MRI (dMRI) in the human brain to axonal orientation measurements from polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT), we compare the accuracy of orientation estimates from various dMRI sampling schemes and reconstruction methods. We find that, if the reconstruction approach is chosen carefully, single-shell dMRI data can yield the same accuracy as multi-shell data, and only moderately lower accuracy than a full Cartesian-grid sampling scheme. Our results suggest that current dMRI reconstruction approaches do not benefit substantially from ultra-high b-values or from very large numbers of diffusion-encoding directions. We also show that accuracy remains stable across dMRI voxel sizes of 1Â âmm or smaller but degrades at 2Â âmm, particularly in areas of complex white-matter architecture. We also show that, as the spatial resolution is reduced, axonal configurations in a dMRI voxel can no longer be modeled as a small set of distinct axon populations, violating an assumption that is sometimes made by dMRI reconstruction techniques. Our findings have implications for in vivo studies and illustrate the value of PSOCT as a source of ground-truth measurements of white-matter organization that does not suffer from the distortions typical of histological techniques.Published versio
User-centered development of a Virtual Research Environment to support collaborative research events
This paper discusses the user-centred development process within the Collaborative Research Events on the Web (CREW) project, funded under the JISC Virtual Research Environments (VRE) programme. After presenting the project, its aims and the functionality
of the CREW VRE, we focus on the user engagement approach, grounded in the method of co-realisation. We describe the different research settings and requirements of our three embedded user groups and the respective activities conducted so far. Finally we elaborate on
the main challenges of our user engagement approach and end with the projectâs next steps
Das Narrative Policy Framework: Ein ReisefĂŒhrer fĂŒr Policy-Narrative
The last decade has seen the rise of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) as a valuable theoretical framework for advancing knowledge of the policy process. In this article, we investigate the NPFâs âtravelâ capacities across geographies, political systems, policy fields, levels of analysis, methodological approaches, and other theories of the policy process. We assess these capabilities by reviewing extant research and mapping newly explored territories. While we find that the NPF embodies all necessary conditions to travel to different settings, the empirical applications remain largely confined to the U.S. and European contexts, environmental policy, the meso level of analysis, the use of content analysis of documents as a methodological approach, and only a few combinations with other theories of the policy process. Our findings indicate that the NPF can travel well. However, we call for further research to conceptualize the NPFâs macro level, to replicate NPF scholarship beyond liberal democratic institutional contexts, and to affirm the frameworkâs capacity to be generalizable in varied settings.In den letzten zehn Jahren hat sich das Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) zum wegweisenden theoretischen Rahmen bei der ErklĂ€rung der Rolle von Narrativen in Politikgestaltungsprozessen entwickelt. Dieser Artikel untersucht die KapazitĂ€ten des NPF, in anderen Regionen und politischen Systemen, neuen Politikfeldern, Analyseebenen und methodologischen AnsĂ€tzen sowie in Kombination mit weiteren Theorien des Politikprozesses angewandt zu werden. Diese âReisefĂ€higkeitâ des NPF wird anhand eines systematischen Reviews der bestehenden NPF-Literatur bewertet. Dabei werden neue, kĂŒrzlich erkundete Territorien speziell hervorgehoben. Das systematische Review zeigt, dass das NPF zwar alle notwendigen Bedingungen erfĂŒllt, um in verschiedene Umgebungen zu reisen. Trotzdem beschrĂ€nken sich bisherige empirische Anwendungen des NPF weitgehend auf die amerikanischen und europĂ€ischen Kontexte, die Umweltpolitik, die Meso-Ebene der Analyse, die Inhaltsanalyse von Dokumenten und auf nur wenige Kombinationen mit anderen Theorien des Politikprozesses. Diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass das NPF grundsĂ€tzlich gut reisen kann. Wir fordern jedoch weitere Forschung, um die Makro-Ebene des NPF zu konzeptualisieren, NPF-Forschung auĂerhalb von liberal-demokratischen Systemen zu replizieren und die Generalisierbarkeit des NPF in verschiedenen Kontexten zu bestĂ€tigen
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Preparation of Maps Depicting Geothermal Gradient and Precambrian Structure in the Permian Basin
The objectives of this project were to prepare maps depicting (1) the geothermal gradients, and (2) the structure on the top of the Precambrian in the Permian Basin of West Texas and New Mexico. Both were to be created and distributed in a spatially related Geographic Information System (GIS) project. The preparation of these maps involved two different sets of issues. Prior to this study, no publicly available, detailed map of Precambrian structure with referenced control points existed for the Permian Basin. This is in part a function of the sparsity of data (Precambrian well penetrations) and in part a function of the lack of interest in assembling such a map. Additionally, no digital, GIS-based map of Precambrian structure was previously available. To prepare this map over the entire area of interest, it was necessary to develop new creative approaches. By contrast, more than one map depicting geothermal gradient has been previously published. Additionally, relatively extensive data sets of bottom-hole well temperatures are available. The issues in preparing this map revolve around (1) deciding what data to use, (2) developing ways to deal with possible errors in the data, and (3) making proper corrections to the data.Bureau of Economic Geolog
Lâhistoire de lâart aux Ătats-Unis et le tournant vers la mondialitĂ©
Depuis des dĂ©buts profondĂ©ment rĂ©gionaux, lâhistoire de lâart aux Ătats-Unis a Ă©voluĂ© pour devenir une des ressources mondiales majeures sur le plan de lâĂ©dition, de la pĂ©dagogie et des expositions. Au regard des utopies initiales de « transnationalisme » et de cosmopolitisme qui ont Ă©mergĂ© Ă lâaube du xxe siĂšcle, nous affirmons que les obsessions actuelles Ă propos de la mondialisation ne sont pas simplement la consĂ©quence du consensus induit par lâĂ©conomie dans un monde de lâart dominĂ© par lâOccident, mais quâelles posent Ă©galement de rĂ©els dĂ©fis pour une discipline fondĂ©e sur les « écoles nationales » et la segmentation linguistique. Lâhistoire mondialisĂ©e de lâart que nous dĂ©fendons sâappuie amplement sur les critiques poststructuraliste et postcoloniale. Ainsi, le rĂ©cit euro-amĂ©ricain de lâĂ©volution de lâart apparaĂźt comme une des nombreuses histoires potentielles du mouvement des peuples et des cultures au cours de la longue histoire des pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement.From deeply provincial beginnings, art history in the US has now become a primary purveyor of the global in books, pedagogy, and exhibitions. Reflecting on earlier dreams of âtrans-nationalismâ and cosmopolitan worldliness emerging at the dawn of the twentieth century, we argue that the current obsessions with the global are not merely the outcome of economically-driven consensus in a Western-dominated art world, but offer real challenges to a discipline founded on ânational schoolsâ and linguistic segmentation. The global art history we argue for takes full advantage of post-structural and post-colonial critique, positioning the Euro-American narrative of artâs progression as one among many potential stories of the movement of peoples and cultures in the long history of the developing world.Seit den zutiefst regionalen AnfĂ€ngen hat sich die Kunstgeschichte in den USA zu einer der weltweit fĂŒhrenden Ressourcen im Bereich der Veröffentlichungen, der Lehre und der Ausstellungen entwickelt. In Anbetracht der anfĂ€nglichen Utopien des âTransnationalismusâ und des Kosmopolitismus zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts kommen wir zu der Behauptung, dass die aktuellen Obsessionen in Bezug auf die Globalisierung nicht lediglich als Konsequenz des ökonomisch getragenen Konsens einer westlich dominierten Kunstwelt zu verstehen sind, sondern auch als echte Herausforderungen einer Fachdisziplin, die ursprĂŒnglich auf ânationalen Schulenâ und sprachlicher Segmentierung beruht. Eine globalisierte Kunstgeschichte, wie wir sie verteidigen, stĂŒtzt sich deutlich auf die poststrukturalistische und postkoloniale Kritik. Unter diesem Blickwinkel erscheint die euro-amerikanische KunsterzĂ€hlung als eine von vielen potentiellen Geschichten innerhalb der Bewegung von Völkern und Kulturen im Rahmen der langen Geschichte der EntwicklungslĂ€nder.Dopo un inizio profondamente âregionaleâ, la storia dellâarte negli Stati Uniti ha conosciuto unâevoluzione che lâha portata ad essere una delle principali risorse mondiali sul piano dellâedizione, dellâinsegnamento e delle mostre. Rispetto alle utopie iniziali di âtransnazionalismoâ e di cosmopolitismo emerse allâalba del Novecento, sosteniamo che le ossessioni attuali sulla mondializzazione non sono solo la conseguenza del consenso generato dallâeconomia in un mondo dellâarte dominato dallâOccidente, ma che esse lanciano anche delle sfide reali per una disciplina fondata sulle âscuole nazionaliâ e sulla segmentazione linguistica. La storia mondializzata dellâarte che noi difendiamo riposa molto sulle critiche del post-strutturalismo e del post-colonialismo. Il racconto euro-americano dellâevoluzione dellâarte appare pertanto come una delle numerose storie potenziali del movimento dei popoli e delle culture nel corso della lunga storia dei paesi in via di sviluppo.DespuĂ©s de un principio muy regional, la historia del arte en los Estados Unidos ha evolucionado para convertirse en uno de los mayores recursos mundiales a nivel de la ediciĂłn, la pedagogĂa y las exposiciones. En vista de las utopĂas iniciales de «transnacionalismo» y cosmopolitismo que emergieron en los albores del siglo xx, podemos afirmar que las actuales obsesiones respecto de la mundializaciĂłn no son la mera consecuencia del consenso inducido por la economĂa en un mundo del arte dominado por Occidente, sino que tambiĂ©n plantean verdaderos desafĂos en un campo de estudio basado en las «escuelas nacionales» y la segmentaciĂłn lingĂŒĂstica. La historia mundializada del arte que defendemos se apoya ampliamente en las crĂticas postestructuralistas y postcoloniales. AsĂ, el relato euroamericano de la evoluciĂłn del arte aparece como una de las numerosas historias potenciales del movimiento de los pueblos y las culturas a lo largo de la extensa historia de los paĂses en vĂa de desarrollo
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