β₂ microglobulin a marker of inflammation in peripheral venous blood (0–72 weeks).

<p>β₂ microglobulin a marker of inflammation in peripheral venous blood (0–72 weeks).</p

Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic chord (0–72 weeks).

<p>Clinical improvement was observed despite the marked atrophy of the thoracic cord.</p

Log₁₀ HTLV-1 proviral DNA (CSF): −2 is baseline evaluation and week 12 CSF was collected while on CsA treatment.

<p>Log₁₀ HTLV-1 proviral DNA (CSF): −2 is baseline evaluation and week 12 CSF was collected while on CsA treatment.</p

Maximum pain over time (0–72 weeks).

<p>A higher score represents more pain. If pain was reported at more than one site, the higher pain score was used.</p

Flowchart of enrolment and follow up of patients with definite and early and/or progressing HAM/TSP.

<p>50 patients with HAM/TSP were identified and 9 were identified as patients with early and/or deteriorating HAM/TSP, 7 of whom consented to treatment with ciclosporin A. Two patients chose to re-start ciclosporin A after 48 weeks during trial period.</p

T cell activation marker: absolute CD4⁺/CD25⁺ T cell count (0–72 weeks).

<p>T cell activation marker: absolute CD4⁺/CD25⁺ T cell count (0–72 weeks).</p

Therapeutic drug monitoring of ciclosporin A: dosing and through CsA plasma concentrations.

<p>Therapeutic drug monitoring of ciclosporin A: dosing and through CsA plasma concentrations.</p

Log₁₀ HTLV-1 proviral DNA (blood) (copies/100 PBMCs): 0–48 weeks whilst on CsA treatment; 49–72 weeks without treatment.

<p>Log₁₀ HTLV-1 proviral DNA (blood) (copies/100 PBMCs): 0–48 weeks whilst on CsA treatment; 49–72 weeks without treatment.</p

Log¹⁰ HTLV-1 proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (0–72 weeks).

<p>Log¹⁰ HTLV-1 proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (0–72 weeks).</p

Ex vivo HLA-DR1-HCV-1806-1818 tetramer staining in stable resolved and chronic HCV infection.

<p>Tetramer staining was performed in five HLA-DR1-positive patients with chronic hepatitis C in comparison to three HLA-DR1-positive resolved patients. In all PBMC from control groups (five individuals with acute HCV who did not possess HLA-DR1, and four healthy and four HIV1+ individuals with HLA-DR1, respectively), tetramer staining was <0.001%. In all patients and healthy controls, proliferation assays following stimulation with recombinant NS4-antigen were performed. The SI for healthy controls was 1.2±0.48 (mean±SD, range 0.71 to 1.66), for chronic hepatitis C patients 1.7±0.9 (range 0.76 to 3.7), and for recovered patients 22.1±22.1 (range 1.74 to 52.9).</p